Last updated: 28
Jul
2025

Sitios de peregrinación budista históricos en India

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En religión y espiritualidad, una peregrinación es un largo viaje o búsqueda de gran significado moral.

A veces, se trata de un viaje a un lugar sagrado o a un santuario de importancia para las creencias y la fe de una persona.

Los miembros de todas las principales religiones participan en peregrinaciones. Una persona que realiza tal viaje se denomina peregrino.

Table of Contents

Los principales sitios de peregrinación del budismo

Entre los cuatro principales sitios de peregrinación del budismo, uno se encuentra en Nepal:

  • Lumbini, donde nació Buda

y los otros tres están en India:

  • , donde Buda alcanzó la Iluminación
  • Benarés, donde predicó por primera vez
  • Kusinagara, donde logró el Parinirvana

Sitios de peregrinación budista en India

Esta es una lista de algunos importantes sitios históricos de peregrinación budista en India.

Árbol Bodhi

El Árbol Bodhi, también conocido como Bo, «árbol peepal», «Araḷi mara» o «arasa maram» (Tamil: அரசமரம்)(Devanagari: पीपल का पेड़), es un gran y antiguo árbol de higo sagrado ubicado en Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India, bajo el cual Siddhartha Gautama, el maestro espiritual que se conoció como el Buda, se dice que alcanzó la iluminación o Bodhi. En la iconografía religiosa, el Árbol Bodhi es reconocible por sus hojas en forma de corazón, que generalmente se exhiben de manera prominente.

Nalanda

fue un antiguo Mahavihara, un gran y venerado monasterio budista, en el antiguo reino de Magadha en India. Uno de los centros de aprendizaje más ilustres que jamás haya existido, fue construido en el siglo V por el emperador Gupta Kumaragupta I. El sitio se encuentra a unos 95 kilómetros (59 millas) al sureste de Patna, cerca de la ciudad de Bihar Sharif, y fue un importante centro de aprendizaje desde el siglo V d.C. hasta aproximadamente 1200 d.C. Hoy en día, es un sitio del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO.

Sarnath

es un lugar ubicado a 10 kilómetros al noreste de , cerca de la confluencia de los ríos Ganges y Varuna en Uttar Pradesh, India. El parque de ciervos en Sarnath es donde Gautama Buda enseñó por primera vez el y donde la Sangha budista surgió a través de la iluminación de Kondanna.

Varanasi

Varanasi, también conocida como Benares, Banaras o Kashi, es una ciudad a orillas del río Ganges en Uttar Pradesh, India, a 320 kilómetros (200 millas) al sureste de la capital del estado, Lucknow, y a 121 kilómetros (75 millas) al este de Allahabad. Como un importante centro religioso en India, es la más sagrada de las siete ciudades sagradas en el hinduismo y el jainismo, y desempeñó un papel importante en el desarrollo del budismo y el ravidassismo. Varanasi se encuentra a lo largo de la Carretera Nacional 2, que la conecta con Kolkata, Kanpur, Agra y Delhi, y cuenta con la estación de tren Varanasi Junction y el Aeropuerto Internacional Lal Bahadur Shastri.

Bodh Gaya

Bodh Gaya es un sitio religioso y lugar de peregrinación asociado con el Complejo del Templo Mahabodhi en el distrito de Gaya, en el estado indio de Bihar. Es famoso porque se dice que es el lugar donde Gautama Buda obtuvo la Iluminación bajo lo que se conoce como el Árbol Bodhi. Desde la antigüedad, Bodh Gaya ha permanecido como objeto de peregrinación y veneración tanto para hindúes como para budistas.

Chandavaram Buddhist site

is an ancient Buddhist site in Chandavaram village in Prakasam district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

In 1985, a project called the «Buddha Poornima Project» was proposed.

Under this project, the world’s tallest standing monolith statue of Buddha was to be erected on the site. Made out of granite, the statue was carved by 200 sculptors in two years and on completion it weighed 440 tonnes with an overall height of 17 metres (56 ft).

However, the Buddha statue was transported to city of Hyderabad in 1988 instead, where it was erected in 1992 in the Hussain sagar lake and stands today.

Sanchi

El Stupa de es un complejo budista, famoso por su Gran Stupa, en la cima de una colina en la ciudad de Sanchi, en el distrito de Raisen del estado de Madhya Pradesh, India. Se encuentra a 46 kilómetros (29 millas) al noreste de Bhopal, la capital de Madhya Pradesh. El Gran Stupa de Sanchi es una de las estructuras de piedra más antiguas de India y un monumento importante de la arquitectura india. Fue encargado originalmente por el emperador Ashoka en el siglo III a.C. Su núcleo era una simple estructura hemisférica de ladrillo construida sobre las reliquias del Buda. Estaba coronado por el chhatri, una estructura similar a un parasol que simboliza un alto rango, que tenía la intención de honrar y proteger las reliquias. El trabajo de construcción original de este stupa fue supervisado por Ashoka, cuya esposa Devi era la hija de un comerciante de la cercana Vidisha. Sanchi también fue su lugar de nacimiento, así como el escenario de su boda con Ashoka. En el siglo I a.C., se añadieron cuatro toranas elaboradamente talladas y una barandilla que rodea toda la estructura. El Stupa de Sanchi construido durante el período Maurya estaba hecho de ladrillos. El complejo floreció hasta el siglo XI.

Vikramashila

fue uno de los dos centros de aprendizaje más importantes de la India durante el Imperio Pala, junto con Nalanda. Su ubicación es ahora el sitio del pueblo de Antichak, en el distrito de Bhagalpur en Bihar.

Ajanta Caves

The are 30 (approximately) rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state of India. The caves include paintings and rock-cut sculptures described as among the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian art, particularly expressive paintings that present emotion through gesture, pose and form.

Mathura

es una ciudad en el estado indio de Uttar Pradesh. Se encuentra aproximadamente a 50 kilómetros (31 millas) al norte de Agra y a 145 kilómetros (90 millas) al sureste de Delhi; a unos 11 kilómetros (6.8 millas) de la localidad de Vrindavan y a 22 kilómetros (14 millas) de Govardhan. Es el centro administrativo del distrito de Mathura en Uttar Pradesh. En tiempos antiguos, Mathura era un centro económico, ubicado en la intersección de importantes rutas de caravanas. El Censo de India de 2011 estimó la población de Mathura en 441,894.

Bharhut

is a village located in the Satna district of Madhya Pradesh, central India. It is known for its famous relics from a Buddhist stupa.

Shravasti

fue una ciudad de la antigua India y una de las seis ciudades más grandes de India durante la vida de Gautama Buda. La ciudad estaba ubicada en las fértiles llanuras gangéticas en el actual distrito del mismo nombre, Shravasti, que pertenece a la división de Devipatan de Uttar Pradesh, cerca de Balrampur, a unos 175 kilómetros (109 millas) al noreste de Lucknow. Anteriormente, era parte del distrito de Bahraich, pero este último se dividió por razones administrativas.

Gaya (India)

Gaya es de importancia histórica y es una de las principales atracciones turísticas del estado de Bihar. Gaya se encuentra a 100 kilómetros (62 millas) al sur de Patna, la capital del estado de Bihar. Es la segunda ciudad más grande del estado, con una población de 470,839, y es la sede del distrito de Gaya y de la división de Magadh. La ciudad está rodeada por tres lados por pequeñas colinas rocosas, con el río Phalgu en su cuarto lado (este).

Pataliputra

, adyacente a la actual Patna, fue una ciudad en la antigua India, construida originalmente por el gobernante de Magadha Udayin en 490 a.C. como un pequeño fortín cerca del río Ganges.

Estupa de Parinirvana

El Stupa de Parinirvana es un templo budista en , India, que se dice que es el lugar de muerte de Gautama Buda, el fundador del budismo. Alexander Cunningham recibe la mayor atención por su trabajo en la zona, ya que demostró de manera concluyente que Gautama Buda había muerto en el área. El templo actual fue construido por el Gobierno de India en 1956 como parte de la conmemoración del 2500 aniversario del Mahaparinivana o 2500 BE. Dentro de este templo, hay una imagen del Buda reclinado que yace sobre su lado derecho con la cabeza hacia el norte. La estatua mide 6.1 m de largo y descansa sobre un sofá de piedra.

Udayagiri – Odisha

Udayagiri (ଉଦୟଗିରି) is the largest Buddhist complex in the Indian state of Odisha. It is composed of major stupas and monasteries (viharas). Together with the nearby complexes of and Ratnagiri, it is part of Puspagiri University. The heritage sites are also known collectively as the «Diamond Triangle» of the «Ratnagiri-Udayagiri-Lalitgiri» complex. Per epigraphical artifacts found at the site, its historical name was «Madhavapura Mahavihara.» This Buddhist complex, preceded by the Ratnagiri and Lalitgiri sites, with their monasteries, is believed to have been active between the 7th and the 12th centuries.

Dhamnar Caves

The are caves located in the village of Dhamnar, located in Mandsaur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. This rock cut site consists of 51 caves, stupas, Chaityas, passages, and compact dwellings, carved in the 7th century CE. The site includes large statues of Gautama Buddha in sitting and Nirvana mudra.

Pavurallakonda

or Pavurallabodu is the local name of a hill, popularly known as Narasimhaswamy Konda, near Bheemunipatnam about 25 km towards north of Visakhapatnam, in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located at a height of about 150 meters above mean sea level.

Bojjannakonda

and Lingalakonda are two Buddhist rock-cut caves on adjacent hillocks, situated near a village called Sankaram, which is a few kilometres away from Anakapalle, Vishakhapatnam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The sites are believed to date between 4th and 9th Century A.D, when the 3 phases of Buddhism flourished at Sankaram. The real name of Bojjannakonda was actually Buddina Konda but the people can’t pronounce it properly by telling the name repeatedly so it was changed to Bojjannakonda

Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments

The Guntupalle or is located near Kamavarapukota, West Godavari district, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is around 40 km away from Eluru. The rock-cut part of the site has two Buddhist caves, a chaitya hall and a large group of stupas. The chaitya hall has a rare carved stone entrance replicating wooden architecture, a simpler version of that at the Lomas Rishi Cave.

Binnayaga Buddhist Caves

also known as Vinayaka or Vinayaga are located at village Binnayaga in the state of Rajasthan, India. The excavation has around 20 laterite caves facing south from east to west. This is monastic complex, the cells are smaller than cell. The stupa shaped sanctuary is the highlight of these caves. It has chaitya which bears windows. Another significant cave has two wings of an open courtyard. «It has at the back a closed lobby with vaulted ceiling and a central door flanked by a cell on either side. The moulded pedestal against the back wall is now empty.»

Lenyadri

, sometimes called Ganesa Lena, Ganesh Pahar Caves, or Suleman Caves, represents a series of about 30 rock-cut Buddhist caves, located about 5km north of Junnar in Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Other caves surrounding the city of Junnar are: , and .

Ratnagiri – Odisha

Ratnagiri was once the site of a mahavihara, or major Buddhist monastery, in the Brahmani and Birupa river valley in Jajpur district of Odisha, India. It is close to other Buddhist sites in the area, including Pushpagiri, Lalitagiri and Udayagiri.

Lalitgiri

Lalitagiri is a major Buddhist complex in the Indian state of Odisha comprising major stupas, ‘esoteric’ Buddha images, and monasteries (viharas), one of the oldest sites in the region. Together with the Ratnagiri and Udayagiri sites, Lalitagiri is part of Puspagiri University located on top of hills of the same names. The three complexes are known as the «Diamond Triangle». Significant finds at this complex include Buddha’s relics. Tantric Buddhism was practiced at this site.

Saru Maru

is the archaeological site of an ancient monastic complex and Buddhist caves.

The site contains a number of stupas as well as natural caves for monks.

In the caves many Buddhist graffiti have been found (swastika, triratna, kalasa …).

In the main cave were found two inscriptions of Ashoka: a version of the Minor Rock Edict n°1, one of the Edicts of Ashoka, and another inscription mentioning the visit of Piyadasi (honorific name used by Ashoka in his inscriptions) as Maharahakumara (Prince).

Kolvi Caves

Kolvi Caves or Kholve Caves, are located at Kolvi village in the state of Rajasthan, India. They are carved out in laterite rock hill. This Buddhist site has stupas, chaityas containing figures of Buddha. An architectural style shows dominance of Hinayana sect in this region. The caves has statues of Buddha in the meditation and standing position. The stupas and colossal statues of Buddha are archaeologically significant. Around Kolva village similar caves have been discovered which proves existence of prosperous Buddhist civilization in the region.

Mandapeshwar Caves

The is an 8th Century rock-cut shrine dedicated to Shiva located near Mount Poinsur in Borivali, a suburb of Mumbai in Maharashtra, India. The caves were originally Buddhist viharas, before being occupied by the Brahmans.

Manmodi Caves

The Manmodi Caves are a complex of a rock-cut caves about 3 km to the south of the city of Junnar in India. Other caves surrounding the city of Junnar are: Tulja Caves, Shivneri Caves and Lenyadri caves.

Mahakali Caves

The , also Kondivite Caves, are a group of 19 rock-cut monuments built between 1st century BCE and 6th century CE.

Nagarjunakonda

is a historical town, now an island located near Nagarjuna Sagar in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, near the state border with Telangana. It is 160 km west of another important historic site Amaravati Stupa.

Kushinagar

Kushinagar is a pilgrimage town in the Kushinagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Kumashpur

, also spelled Kumaspur and Kumaspura, is a village within Municipal Corporation of Sonipat in Sonipat district of Haryana. It is 11 km from Sonipat Junction railway station, 45 km from Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminus at Kashmiri Gate, Delhi, and 190 km from Chandigarh on NH1 Grand Trunk Road.

Nasik Caves

The , or sometimes Pandavleni Caves, are a group of 24 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CE, though additional sculptures were added up to about the 6th century, reflecting changes in Buddhist devotional practices mainly. Buddhist sculptures are a significant group of early examples of Indian rock-cut architecture initially representing the Hinayana tradition. Most of the caves are viharas except for Cave 18 which is a chaitya of the 1st century BCE. The style of some of the elaborate pillars or columns, for example in caves 3 and 10, is an important example of the development of the form. The location of the caves is a holy Buddhist site and is located about 8 km south of the center of Nashik, Maharashtra, India, as well as some of the inscriptions of cave 3 and 10 contain one of the earliest known Sanskrit inscriptions about charities towards Hindu Brahmanas at the Prabhasa. Cave 11 has some Jain sculptures which includes 22nd Jain Tirthanakra Neminatha, Yakshi Ambika and Indra. These sculptures are of late Jaina workmanship.

Nasik inscription of Ushavadata

The is an inscription made in the Nasik Caves by Ushavadata, a viceroy of the Western Satraps ruler Nahapana, in the years circa 120 CE. It is the earliest known instance of the usage of Sanskrit, although a rather hybrid form, in western India.

Yerphal Caves

, also Yerphale Caves, are a small group of Buddhist caves located near Umbraj, Maharashtra, India. The caves were only discovered recently, in 1979. It is located not far from the .

Nenavali Caves

, also Khadsamble Caves, are located at Sudhagad at Raigad, India. This is group of 37 Buddhist caves about 35 km from Pali, carved in first century B.C.

Pandava Caves

The are located near Kadri Manjunath temple in Mangalore, Karnataka. Historians found that the current temple was a Buddhist monastery known as Kandarika Vihara. The shrine had a standing Buddha image in it. This image was replaced by the King Kundvarma of the Alupa dynasty, who was a devotee of Shiva. However it was not the Buddha but a bodhisattva who was historically integrated with Shiva. Historians concluded that the vihara was originally a centre of the cult of the bodhisattva Manjusri. This temple was one of the famous centres of learning and pilgrimage until the 11th century AD. This particular doctrine opened the doors for Tantric religion. Both Shilinga and the bodhisattva were worshipped for many centuries until the Buddhist temple was converted to a purely Saivite temple.

Panhalakaji Caves

are situated in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra state, about 160km south of Mumbai. This cave complex has around 30 Buddhist Caves. The Hinayana sect began carving caves in 3rd century AD, beginning with the stupa in the current Cave 5. The caves have inscriptions in Brahmi and Devanagari script. In the 10-11th century AD another Buddhist group, a Vajrayana sect, established cave 10 with their deities Akshobhya and Mahachandaroshana; and strengthened their practice in that region. Shiva and Ganpatya worshiping started at the site during Silahara rule.

Patan caves

The Patan Buddhist caves are recently discovered rock-cut caves, near Patan, Maharashtra, in the district of Satara. Eleven caves were discovered all together, spread in four different areas of Patan, in Tamkane, Yerphal, Yeradvadi and Digevadi.

Tulja Caves

Tulja Caves are located beyond the Shivneri hill, about 4km to the west of Junnar, India. Other caves surrounding the city of Junnar are: Manmodi Caves, Shivneri Caves and Lenyadri caves.

Topra Kalan

Topra, combined name for the larger and adjacent smaller Topra Khurd, is a Mauryan Empire-era village in Yamunanagar district of Harayana state in India.

It is the original home of Delhi-Topra pillar one of many pillars of Ashoka, that was moved from Topra to Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi in 1356 CE.

The original inscription on the Delhi-Topra Ashokan obelisk is primarily in Brahmi script, but the language was Prakrit, with some Pali and Sanskrit added later.

Thanale Caves

or Nadsur Caves is a group of 23 Buddhist Caves located 72km to the southeast of Mumbai, in western Maharashtra, India, at Thanale Village, Taluka Sudhagad in Raigad, 18 km from Pali.

Pohale Caves

, also Pohala Caves or Pawala Caves, are a group of Buddhist caves located in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India, after 15km northeast of Kolhapur.

Pushpagiri Vihara

Pushpagiri was an ancient Buddhist mahavihara located atop Langudi Hills in Jajpur district of Odisha, India. The complex contains ruins of stupas, rock-cut sculptures and other artifacts.

Rajgir

es una ciudad antigua y un área notificada en el distrito de Nalanda en el estado indio de Bihar. La ciudad de Rajgir fue la primera capital del reino de Magadha, un estado que eventualmente evolucionaría hacia el Imperio Maurya. La ciudad se menciona en la mayor epopeya literaria de India, el Mahabharata, a través de su rey Jarasandha. Su fecha de origen es desconocida, aunque se han encontrado cerámicas que datan de alrededor del 1000 a.C. La famosa Muralla Ciclópea de 2,500 años de antigüedad se encuentra en la ciudad. Esta área también es notable en el jainismo y el budismo. Fue el lugar de nacimiento del 20º Tirthankar jainista Munisuvrata, y está estrechamente asociada con el arihant Mahavira y Gautama Buda. Tanto el Señor Mahavira como el Señor Buda enseñaron sus creencias en Rajgir durante los siglos VI y V a.C. La antigua universidad de Nalanda estaba ubicada en las cercanías de Rajgir, y la contemporánea Universidad de Nalanda, nombrada en su honor, fue fundada en 2010 en Rajgir. También fue a través de Rajgir que el emperador Maurya Ashoka viajó a Bodh Gaya alrededor del 250 a.C., cuando colocó el trono de diamante (Vajrasana) en el gran templo donde el Señor Buda alcanzó la iluminación.

Talaja Caves

The are located in Bhavnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat at Talaja. The rock cuts are carved out into deserted conical rocks. The rock cut group include 30 caves among which about 15 are water tanks. The cave has unique architecture known as Ebhal Mandapa. The halls are plain. «On the facade there are chaitya windows with a broad bank below them.» The chaitya and cells were carved during Buddhism influence in 2nd century BC. During the Kshatrapas’ regime in 2nd-3rd century AD Jainism emblems were carved on the cells and the halls.

Sana Caves

There are two sets of Buddhist caves in two different places taking the name of Shana caves.

Sugh Ancient Mound

, also known as the Ancient Site of Sugh, is located in the village of Amadalpur Dayalgarh, in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana, India. Suryamandir-Tirth in Amadalpur is nearby. Buddhist stupa here is identified with the Srughna.

Saptaparni Cave

Saptparni Cave, also referred to as Sapta parni guha (Saraiki) or sattapaṇṇi guhā (Pali), literally Seven-leaves-cave, is a Buddhist cave site about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest from Rajgir, Bihar, India. It is embedded in a hill. The is important in the Buddhist tradition, because many believe it to be the site in which Buddha spent some time before his death, and where the first Buddhist council was held after Buddha died (paranirvana). It is here that a council of few hundred monks decided to appoint Ananda, Buddha’s cousin, and Upali, who had accompanied the Buddha when he gave sermons in north India, to compose Buddha’s teachings for the future generations. This was of special importance because the Buddha never wrote down his teachings. After the meeting in Saptaparni Cave, Ananda created an oral tradition of Buddha’s teaching from his memory, prefacing it with «Thus have I heard on one occasion». Upali is credited with reciting the Vinaya (discipline), or «rules for the Bhikshus». This tradition is found in Vinaya Pitaka II.284 through II.287 and Digha Nikaya II.154.

Shirwal Caves

are a group of 15 Buddhist caves located in a small village called Shriwal, 48 km south of Pune, India.

Kuda Caves

are located in the small village of Kuda, on the eastern side of the north shore of Murud-Janjira in south Konkan, India. These fifteen Buddhist caves are small, simple, and were excavated in first century BCE.

Karla Caves

The , Karli Caves, Karle Caves or Karla Cells, are a complex of ancient Buddhist Indian rock-cut caves at Karli near Lonavala, Maharashtra. It is just 10.9 Kilometers away from Lonavala. Other caves in the area are , Patan Buddhist Cave, and Nasik Caves. The shrines were developed over the period – from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE. The oldest of the cave shrines is believed to date back to 160 BCE, having arisen near a major ancient trade route, running eastward from the Arabian Sea into the Deccan.

Kondana Caves

The are located in the small village of Kondana, 33 km north of Lonavala and 16 km northwest of Karla Caves. This cave group has 16 Buddhist caves. The caves were excavated in first century B.C. The construction on wooden pattern is notable. One can reach the cave by descending from Rajmachi village.

Erravaram Caves

are located on the left bank of Yeleru river, at a distance of 45 km from Rajahmundry on Vishakhapatnam route. The caves are located on Dhanla–dibba hillock. The excavations revealed historic remains dated back to 100 A.D. This site flourished from 1st century B.C. to 2nd century A.D.

Wai Caves

are 9 Buddhist Caves, situated at Lonara, 7 km north of Wai. The Chaitya hall containing a Stupa has since been converted into a Shiva temple.

Ambivali Caves

The , or Ambivali Leni are a group of Buddhist caves, located near Neral, Raigad district, Maharashtra, 8km southeast of Kalyan. The caves are cut in the low hill located on the concave portion of a river. They consist in 12 viharas celles with verandah and several water cisterns. There is one inscription in Brahmi script on a verandah pillar.

Assandh

is a city and a municipal committee in Karnal district in the state of Haryana, India. Assandh is 45 km south-west of Karnal.

Bagh Caves

The are a group of nine rock-cut monuments, situated among the southern slopes of the Vindhyas in Bagh town of Dhar district in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. These monuments are located at a distance of 97 km from Dhar town. These are renowned for mural paintings by master painters of ancient India. The use of the word «cave» is a bit of a misnomer, since these are not natural, but instead examples of Indian rock-cut architecture.

Barabar Caves

The Barabar Hill Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India, dating from the Maurya Empire, some with Ashokan inscriptions, located in the Makhdumpur region of Jehanabad district, Bihar, India, 24 km (15 mi) north of Gaya.

Bava Pyara Caves

are an example of ancient man-made caverns. The caves are a part of the situated in the eastern part of Junagadh of the Indian state of Gujarat. Bava Pyara caves contains artworks of both Buddhism and Jainism.

Bedse Caves

Bedse Caves are a group of Buddhist rock-cut monuments situated in Maval taluka, Pune District, Maharashtra, India. The history of the caves can be traced back to the Satavahana period in the 1st century BCE. They are some 9 km from the Bhaja Caves. Other caves in the area are Karla Caves, Patan Buddhist Cave and Nasik Caves.

Bhaja Caves

Bhaja Caves or Bhaje caves is a group of 22 rock-cut caves dating back to the 2nd century BC located in Pune district, near Lonavala, Maharashtra. The caves are 400 feet above the village of Bhaja, on an important ancient trade route running from the Arabian Sea eastward into the Deccan Plateau. The inscriptions and the cave temple are protected as a Monument of National Importance, by the Archaeological Survey of India per Notification No. 2407-A. It belongs to the Hinayana Buddhism sect in Maharashtra. The caves have a number of stupas, one of their significant features. The most prominent excavation is its chaitya, a good example of the early development of this form from wooden architecture, with a vaulted horseshoe ceiling. Its vihara has a pillared verandah in front and is adorned with unique reliefs. These caves are notable for their indications of the awareness of wooden architecture. The carvings prove that tabla – a percussion instrument – was used in India for at least 2300 years, disproving the centuries-held belief that the tabla was introduced to India by outsiders or from Turko-Arab. The carving shows a woman playing tabla and another woman, performing dance.

Bhattiprolu

is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Bhattiprolu mandal in Tenali revenue division. The Buddhist stupa in the village is one of the centrally protected monuments of national importance. One of the earliest evidence of Brahmi script in South India comes from Bhattiprolu. The script was written on an urn containing Buddha’s relics. The script has been named Bhattiprolu script

Bodh Stupa

The is situated near the Fine Arts Department in the north-east region of Kurukshetra University, in Haryana, 160 km from Delhi, India.

Chaneti Buddhist Stupa

is a 3rd century BC monument protected by the Government of India. The stupa is located in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana, three kilometers east of Jagadhri, and about three kilometers northwest of the archaeological site Sugh. The stupa has been referred by traveller Hiuen Tsang.

Deekshabhoomi

is a sacred monument of Navayana Buddhism located at Nagpur city in Maharashtra state of India, where B. R. Ambedkar, embraced Buddhism with approximately 600,000 of his followers mainly scheduled caste peoples on Ashoka Vijaya Dashami on 14 October 1956. Ambedkar revived Buddhism in India. Ambedkar’s conversion to Buddhism is deeply significant for millions of people in India. According to the 2011 India census, more than 87% of the total Buddhist population in India are Ambedkarite Buddhists.

Dhank Caves

The are located near Dhank village near Upleta, Rajkot district, Gujarat, India. They were chiseled out of a calcareous sandstone outcropping during the regime of the Western Satraps. The caves are influenced by Buddhist and Jain cultures. The Buddhist cave include figures of Bodhisattva and the Jain cave includes figures of Adinath, Shantinath and Pārśva. These are considered to be the earliest Jain sculptures in Kathiawad.

Ellora Caves

is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India. It is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple cave complexes in the world, featuring Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments, and artwork, dating from the 600–1000 CE period. Cave 16, in particular, features the largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailasha temple, a chariot shaped monument dedicated to Shiva. The Kailasha temple excavation also features sculptures depicting the gods, goddesses and mythologies found in Vaishnavism, Shaktism as well as relief panels summarizing the two major Hindu Epics.

Gandharpale Caves

, also called Mahad caves or Pandava Leni, is group of 30 Buddhist caves, 105 km south of Mumbai on Mumbai-Goa Highway near Mahad. The caves are located near the NH-17 and well connected by road.

Khed Caves

, also Bouddh Caves, are a series of ancient Buddhist caves in the city of Khed, Maharashtra, India.

Kadia Dungar Caves

are located at Kadia Dungar near Zazpor village of Zagadiya Taluka of in Bharuch district of the Indian state of Gujarat. The group has seven caves carved out in 1st and 2nd century AD on the mountain. The group includes sculpture of monolithic lion pillars. An architecture of cave shows vihara style construction. The site has brick stupa at the foot of a mountain. The caves were carved out in 1st or 2nd century AD. influenced by Buddhist architecture.

Khapra Kodiya Caves

The are part of the Junagadh Buddhist Cave Group. They are the oldest of the caves in the group. The caves, on the basis of scribbles and short cursive letters on the wall, are dated to 3rd-4th century BCE during the Emperor Ashoka’s rule and are the plainest of all the caves in the groups. These caves are also known as Khangar Mahal. They were carved in rock during the reign of Emperor Ashoka and are considered the earliest monastic settlement in the area. These caves are along the edge of the ancient Sudarshan Lake and a little outside Uparkot fort, to the north.

Khambhalida Caves

, or Rajkot Caves, are three Buddhist caves located near Gondal in Rajkot district, Gujarat, India.

Kesaria stupa

Kesariya Stupa is a Buddhist stupa in Kesariya, located at a distance of 110 kilometres (68 mi) from Patna, in the Champaran (east) district of Bihar, India. The first construction of the Stupa is dated to the 3rd century BCE. Kesariya Stupa has a circumference of almost 400 feet (120 m) and raises to a height of about 104 feet (32 m).

Kesaria

Kesariya is a town in the district of East Champaran, in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the site of a stupa built by the Mauryan king Ashoka.

Karad Caves

The Karad Caves form a group of 66 Buddhist caves located south west of Karad, near the village Jakhinwadi overlooking the Koyna River. They are composed of:Agashiv Caves 17.2352778°N 74.1522222°E Bhairav Caves 17.239268°N 74.148289°E Dongrai Caves 17.2551854°N 74.1634643°E)

Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups

Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups are located in Junagadh district of the Indian state of Gujarat. The so-called «Buddhist Caves» are not actually caves, but three separate sites of rooms carved out of stone to be used as monks’ quarters. These caves were carved from Emperor Ashoka’s period up to 1st-4th century AD.

Jogeshwari Caves

The are some of the earliest Buddhist cave temples sculptures located in the Mumbai suburb of Jogeshwari, India. The caves date back to 520 to 550 CE. These caves belongs to the last stage of the Mahayana Buddhist architecture, which was later taken over by the Hindus. According to historian and scholar Walter Spink, Jogeshwari is the earliest major cave temple in India and «the largest».

Uparkot Caves

, also Uperkot caves, are ancient man-made caverns. The caves are a part of the Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups situated in the eastern part of Junagadh of the Indian state of Gujarat.

Jetavana

fue uno de los monasterios o viharas budistas más famosos de la India. Fue el segundo vihara donado a Gautama Buda después del Venuvana en Rajgir. El monasterio le fue entregado por su principal discípulo laico masculino, Anathapindika.

Hathiagor Buddhist Caves

are located at village Pagaria in the state of Rajasthan, India. The caves are located on hiil called Hathiagor-ki-Pahadi. The group has five caves measuring 5 m x 5 m x 7 m. A stupa is located closer to the caves.

Ghorawadi Caves

The , also known as Ghorawdeshwar caves or Shelarwadi caves, are around 25 km northwest of Pune, India, were originally Buddhist caves, and now contain carvings and statues of Buddhist and Hindu deities.

Ghatotkacha Caves

The Ghatotkach Caves are located 18 km to the west of Ajantha, near Jinjala village, India. The caves include three Buddhist caves, one is a chaitya and two are viharas. The caves were excavated in the 6th century AD, and were influenced by Mahayana Buddhism.

Shivneri Caves

The Shivneri Caves are artificial caves dug for Buddhist monks circa the 1st century CE. These are now famous tourist attractions located on Shivneri Hill, about 2 km Southwest of Junnar, India. Other caves around the city of Junnar are: Manmodi Caves, Lenyadri, and the Tulja Caves.

Vijayawada

is the second largest city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and is a part of the state’s Capital Region. It is the administrative headquarters of the NTR district. It comprises NTR and part of Krishna district. Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river surrounded by the hills of Eastern Ghats, known as Indrakeeladri Hills. It geographically lies on the center spot of Andhra Pradesh. The city has been described as the commercial, political, cultural and educational capital of Andhra Pradesh, second largest city in Andhra Pradesh and is one of the fastest growing urban areas in India.

Vinukonda

is a town in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Vinukonda mandal and administered under Narasaraopet revenue division.

Vaishali (ancient city)

Vaishali or Vesali was a city in present-day Bihar, India, and is now an archaeological site. It is a part of the Tirhut Division.

Adi Badri – Haryana

Adi Badri, also Sri Sarasvati Udgam Tirath, is a tourist site of archaeological, religious and ecological signifiance in a forest area in the foothills of the Sivalik Hills in Bhabar area, situated in northern part of Yamunanagar district, of the north Indian state of Haryana. There are remains of many Buddhist stupas and monasteries, which are about 1500–2000 years old, and there is also a group of Hindu temples from the 9th century. Based on the multiple archaeological excavations undertaken here, archaeologists have sent the proposal to Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to include this site in the list of protected heritage site. Several popular annual festivals are held here, including the five day long National Saraswati Festival in January, Adi Badri Akha Teej Mela in Vaisakh around April–May, week-long Adi Badri-Kapal Mochan Kartik Purnima religious mela around November.

Sankissa

was an ancient city in India. The city came into prominence at the time of Gautama Buddha. According to a Buddhist source, it was thirty leagues from Savatthi. After the Gautama Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana king Ashoka developed this place and installed one of his famous Pillars of Ashoka in the city, from which the elephant capital survives. He also built a stupa and a temple commemorating the visit of the Buddha. This temple exists even today and the ruins of the stupa are also present as a temple of Vishari Devi. It is said that the name Visahari Devi is given to the mother of the Buddha.

Rajgir hills

The , also known as «Rajghara» hills, lie near the city of Rajgir in central regions of the Indian state of Bihar. It is surrounded by five hills named Ratnagiri, Vipalachal, Vaibhagiri, Songiri and Udaygiri. It is an important Buddhist, Hindu and Jain pilgrimage site.

Pithapuram

is a town and a municipality in the Kakinada district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The town also forms a part of Godavari Urban Development Authority. The town is home to one of the eighteen Maha Sakthi Peethas, which are significant shrines and pilgrimage destinations in Shaktism.

Piprahwa

is a village near Birdpur in Siddharthnagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Kalanamak rice, a scented and spicy variety of rice is grown in this area. It lies in the heart of the historical Buddha’s homeland and is 12 miles from the world heritage site of Lumbini that is believed to be the place of Gautama Buddha’s birth.

Pāvā

Pava is a city in ancient India, at the time of Gautama Buddha. It was a city of the Mallas which the Buddha visited during his last journey, going there from Bhogagama and staying at Cunda’s mango grove. Pava is located about 15 kilometres east of Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Agroha Mound

Agroha, locally known as Ther, is an archaeological site located in Agroha, in the Hisar district of India.

Jivakarama vihara

The , also Jivaka Amravana vihara, Jivakamravana, Jivakamrabana or Jivakavanarama, is an ancient Buddhist monastery, or vihara, established at the time of the Buddha.

Griddharaj Parvat

is a hill of religious, archeological and ecological importance.

Ghantasala – Krishna district

Ghantasala is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is 21 km west of Machilipatnam and 11 km east of Krishna River. The largest city of this district, Vijaywada, is around 60 km away. It is a rare and reputed center for Buddhist sculptures.

Gangtok

is a city, municipality, the capital and the largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim. It also is the headquarters of the East Sikkim district. Gangtok is in the eastern Himalayan range, at an elevation of 1,650 m (5,410 ft). The town’s population of 100,000 are from different ethnicities such as Bhutia, Lepchas and Nepalis. Within the higher peaks of the Himalaya and with a year-round mild temperate climate, Gangtok is at the centre of Sikkim’s tourism industry.

Dantapuram

a small village in Srikakulam district. It is a site of great religious and historical significance. Known as Buddhas Tooth at Dantapura, the capital of the Kalingas. While ancient Dantapuram sank into oblivion, Kandy receives tens of thousands of visitors every month. Historians believe it to be the capital of Kalinga Kingdom. Emperor Asoka fought Kalinga War in 261 BC.

Bakraur

, sometimes called Bakrour, is a village located slightly east of Bodh Gaya in the state of Bihar, India. It lies directly across the Phalgu River from the town of Bodh Gaya, where Gautama Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.

Amaravathi – Palnadu district

Amaravathi is a village on the banks of the Krishna River, in the Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Amaravathi mandal, and forms part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region with its headquarters at new Amaravati 35 km (22 mi) east, whose name is also borrowed from that of the older Amaravathi.

Kosambi

(Pali) or Kaushambi (Sanskrit) was an important city in ancient India. It was the capital of the Vatsa kingdom, one of the sixteen mahajanapadas. It was located on the Yamuna River about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southwest of its confluence with the Ganges at Prayaga.

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