Monjes budistas tibetanos – Líderes de la tradición tibetana

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El monaquismo budista es una parte fundamental de la tradición budista tibetana; todas las escuelas, tanto mayores como menores, mantienen grandes instituciones monásticas basadas en el Mulasarvastivada Vinaya (regla monástica), y muchos líderes religiosos provienen de la comunidad monástica.

Comunidades monásticas budistas tibetanas

Los monasterios generalmente se adhieren a una escuela particular: Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug o Jonang.

Las comunidades de monásticos célibes, de tamaño medio a grande, mantienen varios cientos de monjes y pueden poseer extensas tierras, ser financieramente independientes y, en ocasiones, también actuar como centros comerciales.

Los grandes monasterios de enseñanza albergan miles de monjes, como los importantes establecimientos Gelug de Sera (con más de 6000 monjes en la primera mitad del siglo XX) y Drepung (más de 7000).

Monjes budistas tibetanos prominentes

Esta es una lista de algunos monjes budistas tibetanos influyentes, tanto del pasado como del presente.

Jamgon Kongtrul

Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thayé, también conocido como Jamgön Kongtrül el Grande, fue un erudito budista tibetano, poeta, artista, médico, tertön y polímata. Fue uno de los budistas tibetanos más prominentes del siglo XIX y se le atribuye ser uno de los fundadores del movimiento Rimé (no sectario), compilando lo que se conoce como los «Cinco Grandes Tesoros». Alcanzó gran renombre como erudito y escritor, especialmente entre las líneas Nyingma y Kagyu, y compuso más de 90 volúmenes de escritos budistas, incluyendo su obra maestra, El Tesoro del Conocimiento.

Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo

Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, también conocido por su título de tertön, Pema Ösel Dongak Lingpa, fue un renombrado maestro, erudito y tertön del Tíbet del siglo XIX. Fue una figura destacada en el movimiento Rimé.

Zanabazar

Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar, nacido Eshidorji, fue el décimo sexto Jebtsundamba Khutuktu y el primer Bogd Gegeen, o autoridad espiritual suprema, de la línea Gelugpa del budismo tibetano en Mongolia Exterior.

Patrul Rinpoche

Patrul Rinpoche (1808–1887) fue un maestro y autor destacado de la escuela Nyingma del budismo tibetano. Sus discípulos incluyeron a maestros de la escuela Nyingma como Kathok Situ Choktrul Chökyi Lodrö, el Quinto Dzogchen Rinpoche Thubten Chökyi Dorje, Gyarong Namtrul Kunzang Thekchok Dorje, los segundo y tercero Dodrupchens, Jikme Phuntsok Jungne y Jikmé Tenpe Nyima, Dechen Rigpé Raldri, quien era hijo de Do Khyentse Yeshe Dorje, Khenpo Shenga, Adzom Druktrul Droddul Dorje, Tertön Sogyal Lerab Lingpa, Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso, Khenpo Pema Vajra, Nyoshul Lungtok, Alak Dongak Gyatso y otros. Además, sus discípulos incluyeron a muchos maestros de las escuelas Sakya, Gelugpa y Kagyü, como Sershul Lharampa Thubten, Palpung Lama Tashi Özer y Ju Lama Drakpa Gyaltsen.

Jamgön Ju Mipham Gyatso

Jamgön Ju Mipham, or Mipham Jamyang Namgyal Gyamtso (1846–1912) was a very influential philosopher and polymath of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. He wrote over 32 volumes on topics such as painting, poetics, sculpture, alchemy, medicine, logic, philosophy and tantra. Mipham’s works are still central to the scholastic curriculum in Nyingma monasteries today. Mipham is also considered one of the leading figures in the Ri-me (non-sectarian) movement in Tibet.

Jinpa Sonam

Geshe Lharampa Jinpa Sonam is a Tibetan Buddhist philosopher and Spiritual Director for the Indiana Buddhist Center. Sonam was born on May 25, 1955, in Zanskar valley, Ladakh, in the Republic of India. In 1967, he became a monk at the Stagrimo Gompa, a Drukpa Kagyu monastery in Ladakh near Padum. He studied at this monastery for six years before joining the Drepung Gomang Monastery, a Gelugpa monastery in Mundgod, Karnataka India as a novice monk.

Kawa Paltsek

Kawa Paltseg was one of the twenty-five disciples of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) during the Tibetan Empire period. He was born in Kawa in Phenpo Valley. He was one of the seven monks ordained by the great abbot Śāntarakṣita (Shantarakshita) and became one of the greatest Tibetan translators in accordance with a prophecy by Guru Rinpoche. He was one of the most important contributors to the translation of the Tibetan Tripitaka and the Nyingma Gyübum. «Kawa» is a place name and «Paltseg» means «Mountain of resplendence.»

Lobsang Tenzin

Lobsang Tenzin, better known by the titles Professor Venerable Samdhong Rinpoche and to Tibetans as the 5th Samdhong Rinpoche, was the previous prime minister, of the Central Tibetan Administration, or Tibetan government-in-exile, which is based in Dharamshala, India; Lobsang Sangay was elected to this position in April 2011.

Sonam Lhundrup

Sonam Lhundrup (1456–1531) fue un gran abad de Mustang y el hijo del segundo Rey Dharma de Mustang, Agon Sangpo.

Tenzin Bagdro

Tenzin Bagdro is a Tibetan Buddhist monk and former political prisoner who currently resides at Tashi Choeling Monastery in McLeod Ganj, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India, home of the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile.

Tashi Tsering (Jamyang Buddhist Centre)

Tashi Tsering was the resident Tibetan Buddhist teacher at Jamyang Buddhist Centre, London, from 1994 to 2018. Since June 2018 he has been abbot of Sera Mey Monastic University in India.

Tapey

Tapey is a young Tibetan monk from Kirti Monastery whose attempted self-immolation February 27, 2009 in the marketplace in Ngawa Town, Ngawa County, Sichuan marked the beginning of the wave of Tibetan self-immolations.

3rd Taktra Rinpoche

Ngawang Sungrab Thutob (1874–1952) was the third Taktra Rinpoche, and regent of Tibet. As regent, he was responsible for raising and educating the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. In 1941, he succeeded the fifth Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen. The Reting Rinpoche later rebelled, was captured, and died imprisoned in the Potala Palace under mysterious circumstances.

Phurbu Tsering Rinpoche

Phurbu Tsering Rinpoche is a Tibetan abbot. Arrested by Chinese authority, he is the first senior Buddhist leader to face serious charges linked to the demonstrations in 2008.

Nenghai

Nenghai was a Vajrayana Buddhist monk of the Gelug school and religious leader in modern China. He is considered one of the key figures of the «Movement of Tantric Rebirth» (密教復興運動) which sought to revitalize Chinese Esoteric Buddhism.

Buton Rinchen Drub

Butön Rinchen Drup, (1290–1364), 11th Abbot of Shalu Monastery, was a 14th-century Sakya master and Tibetan Buddhist leader. Shalu was the first of the major monasteries to be built by noble families of the Tsang dynasty during Tibet’s great revival of Buddhism, and was an important center of the Sakya tradition. Butön was not merely a capable administrator but he is remembered to this very day as a prodigious scholar and writer and is Tibet’s most celebrated historian.

Lama Dorji

Lama Dorji, or Lama Darja was a mid-eighteenth century khan or ruler of the Dzungar Khanate, a confederation of Mongol tribes that ruled over most of present-day Xinjiang and part of eastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and southern Siberia. He was the eldest son of Galdan Tseren, Khong Tayiji of the Dzungar Khanate from 1727 until his death in 1745. Before his death, Galdan Tseren had designated his second son Tsewang Dorji Namjal to succeed him. However, a succession dispute soon erupted among Galdan Tseren’s three sons.

Khenpo Sodargye

Khenpo Sodargye is one of the most eminent contemporary Buddhist masters, and was born in the eastern region of Tibet known as Kham in 1962. Khenpo is a Tibetan lama, a Buddhist scholar and teacher, a prolific translator into Chinese, and a modern Buddhist thinker renowned across Asia and the west for his interest in the integration of traditional Buddhist teachings with worldwide issues and modern life.

Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje

Lhalung Palgyi Dorje was the Tibetan Buddhist monk who assassinated the Tibetan king Langdarma in 842 CE.