Last updated: 28
Jul
2025

Maestros iluminados y ritualistas del budismo tibetano

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En el budismo, el concepto de Maestro Espiritual es de suprema importancia.

Table of Contents

El papel del maestro en las tradiciones budistas

El maestro, a veces llamado «Guru» o «Lama», enseña el conocimiento espiritual y religioso.

Un Guru puede ser cualquier persona que transmita este conocimiento y, generalmente, no necesita ser Acariya o Upajjhaya.

El Buda es llamado Lokagaru, que significa «el maestro del mundo».

En diversas tradiciones budistas, existen palabras equivalentes para guru, que incluyen:

  • Shastri (maestro)
  • Kalyana Mitra (guía amistoso, Pali: Kalyāṇa-mittatā)
  • Acarya (maestro)
  • Vajra-Acarya (hierofante).

El guru se entiende literalmente como «pesado» y se refiere a la tendencia budista de aumentar el peso de los cánones y escrituras con sus estudios espirituales.

En el budismo Mahayana, un término para el Buda es Bhaisajya guru, que se refiere a «guru de la medicina», o «un médico que cura el sufrimiento con la medicina de sus enseñanzas».

Enseñanzas tántricas del budismo Vajrayana

En las enseñanzas tántricas del budismo Vajrayana, los rituales requieren la guía de un maestro.

El maestro es considerado esencial y, para el devoto budista, el guru es el «maestro iluminado y maestro ritual».

El maestro es conocido como el vajra guru (literalmente «guru diamante»).

En las escuelas budistas Vajrayana que se encuentran en el Tíbet y el sur de Asia, las iniciaciones o empoderamientos rituales son necesarios antes de que se permita al estudiante practicar un tantra particular.

Existen Cuatro Tipos de Lama (Guru) o maestro espiritual en el budismo tibetano:

  • gangzak gyüpé lama — el maestro individual que es el portador de la línea de transmisión
  • gyalwa ka yi lama — el maestro que es la palabra de los budas
  • nangwa da yi lama — el maestro simbólico de todas las apariencias
  • rigpa dön gyi lama — el maestro absoluto, que es rigpa, la verdadera naturaleza de la mente

¿Cómo encontrar un maestro budista?

En este breve video, Jetsunma explica en palabras simples y amables cómo encontrar un maestro budista:

Maestros espirituales tibetanos budistas bien conocidos

Esta es la vida y los logros de algunos maestros espirituales tibetanos budistas bien conocidos en todo el mundo, tanto del pasado como del presente.

Nagarjuna

Nāgārjuna es ampliamente considerado uno de los filósofos budistas más importantes. Junto con su discípulo Āryadeva, se le considera el fundador de la escuela Madhyamaka del budismo Mahāyāna. A Nāgārjuna también se le atribuye el desarrollo de la filosofía de los sūtras de Prajñāpāramitā y, en algunas fuentes, se dice que reveló estas escrituras al mundo, habiéndolas recuperado de los nāgas. Además, se supone tradicionalmente que escribió varios tratados sobre rasayana y que ocupó un cargo como jefe de Nālandā.

Yeshe Tsogyal

(también conocida como «Océano Victorioso de Sabiduría», «Reina del Lago de Sabiduría») fue la Madre del Budismo Tibetano. Algunas fuentes la consideran esposa de Trisong Detsen, emperador de Tíbet. Su principal consorte karmamudrā fue Padmasambhava, una figura fundadora de la tradición Nyingma del budismo tibetano. Se sabe que reveló terma junto a Padmasambhava y también fue la principal escriba de estos terma. Más tarde, Yeshe Tsogyal también escondió muchos de los terma de Padmasambhava por su cuenta, bajo las instrucciones de Padmasambhava para las generaciones futuras.

Geshe

o geshema es un título académico budista tibetano para monjes y monjas. El grado es enfatizado principalmente por la línea Gelug, pero también se otorga en las tradiciones Sakya y Bön. El grado de geshema es el mismo que el grado de geshe, pero se llama grado de geshema porque se otorga a mujeres.

Mandāravā

Mandarava fue, junto con Yeshe Tsogyal, una de las dos consortes principales del gran maestro tántrico indio del siglo VIII Padmasambhava (Guru ), una figura fundadora del budismo tibetano, descrita como un ‘segundo Buda’ por muchos practicantes. Mandarava es considerada una deidad-guru femenina en el budismo tántrico o Vajrayana.

Machig Labdrön, o Madre Singular Antorcha de Lab, (1055-1149) fue una reconocida practicante, maestra y yoguini budista tántrica tibetana del siglo XI que originó varias líneas tibetanas de la práctica de Chöd en el Vajrayana.

Atiśa Dīpaṃkara Śrījñāna fue un líder religioso y maestro budista bengalí del subcontinente indio. Fue una de las figuras principales en la difusión del budismo Mahayana y Vajrayana del siglo XI en Asia e inspiró el pensamiento budista desde el Tíbet hasta Sumatra. En el año 1013 d.C., viajó al reino de Srivijaya y permaneció allí durante 12 años antes de regresar a India. Es reconocido como una de las figuras más grandes del budismo clásico, y el principal discípulo de Atisa, Dromtön, fue el fundador de la Escuela Kadam, una de las escuelas de Nueva Traducción del budismo tibetano, que más tarde fue suplantada por la tradición Geluk en el siglo XIV, adoptando su enseñanza y absorbiendo sus monasterios.

Tsultrim Allione

Lama es una autora y maestra que ha estudiado en la línea Karma Kagyu del budismo tibetano. Nació en 1947 en Maine con el nombre de Joan Rousmanière Ewing. Viajó por primera vez a India y Nepal en 1967, regresó en 1969 y en enero de 1970 se convirtió en una de las primeras mujeres estadounidenses en ser ordenadas como monja tibetana. Recibió sus votos del Karmapa, de la escuela Karma Kagyu del budismo tibetano, quien le dio el nombre de Karma Tsultrim Chodron. Allione devolvió sus votos monásticos cuatro años después y se casó. Ha dado a luz a cuatro hijos, uno de los cuales murió por síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante. Tsultrim Allione continuó sus estudios y práctica budista, lo que llevó a la publicación en 1984 de su libro Mujeres de Sabiduría, una colección de namtar de seis yoginis budistas tibetanas como Machig Labdrön, Dorje Paldron (1839–1953), Nangsa Obum, Jomo Menmo (1248–1283), Machig Ongjo y Drenchen Rema. Este es el trabajo por el que es más conocida y desde entonces ha sido traducido del inglés a varios idiomas extranjeros y ampliado en una segunda edición revisada. En 1993, junto a su esposo, David Petit, Tsultrim Allione fundó Tara Mandala, un centro de retiro en el sur de Colorado, en los Estados Unidos. Además de ofrecer retiros en Tara Mandala, Allione enseña regularmente en los Estados Unidos y en Europa.

Tsoknyi Rinpoche

or Ngawang Tsoknyi Gyatso is a Nepalese Tibetan Buddhist teacher and author, and the founder of the Pundarika Foundation. He is the third Tsoknyi Rinpoche, having been recognized by the 16th Karmapa as the reincarnation of Drubwang Tsoknyi Rinpoche. He is a tulku of the Drukpa Kagyü and Nyingma traditions and the holder of the Ratna Lingpa and Tsoknyi lineages.

Garchen Rinpoche

es un maestro budista tibetano de la línea Drikung Kagyu. Se cree que es una encarnación de Siddha Gar Chodingpa, un discípulo del corazón de Jigten Sumgön, fundador de la línea Drikung Kagyu en el siglo XIII d.C. También se cree que se ha encarnado como Mahasiddha Aryadeva en la antigua India, el discípulo nacido del loto del propio . Era conocido como Lonpo Gar, el ministro del rey del dharma tibetano Songtsen Gampo en el siglo VII d.C.

Thubten Zopa Rinpoche

is a Nepali lama from Khumbu, the entryway to Mount Everest.

Lama Zopa Rinpoche is a Gelugpa lineage holder, having received teachings from many of the great Gelugpa masters.

His Root Guru is HH Trijang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso since he was a young boy studying in Buxa, India.

Lama Zopa Rinpoche is a devoted student of the 14th Dalai Lama and has outlined that offering service to the Dalai Lama as much as possible and to be able to fulfill his wishes is the highest priority for the FPMT organization.

Lama Gonpo Tseten

Gonpo Tseten Rinpoche (1906–1991) was a Dzogchen master, author, painter, sculptor, and teacher of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Among Lama Gönpo Tseten’s artistic works are two murals in Clement Town, Dhera Dun, India: «Amitabha in Dewachen» at Tashi Gommo Gelugpa Monastery, and «Mount Meru and the Universe System» at the Nyingmapa Lamas College.

He also painted a large thangka of the Longchen Nyingtik Refuge Tree and smaller thangkas of Padmasambhava and Vajrakilaya, some of which he gave to Thinley Norbu Rinpoche.

Subsequently, the main figure of Guru Rinpoche of Lama Gönpo’s painting was used as the cover for the Padmakara Translation Group’s translation of White Lotus by the 1st Jamgon Mipham Rinpoche.

Phakchok Rinpoche is a teacher of the Nyingma lineage and chief lineage holder of the Taklung Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. He is Vajra Master of Ka-Nying Shedrup Ling monastery, abbot of several monasteries in Nepal, and assists monasteries and practice centers in Tibet. In addition, he serves as Director of the Chokgyur Lingpa Foundation, a nonprofit organization engaged in a wide range of humanitarian projects.

Thubten Jigme Norbu

, reconocido como el Taktser Rinpoche, fue un lama tibetano, escritor, activista de derechos civiles y profesor de estudios tibetanos, y es el hermano mayor del 14º Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Fue uno de los primeros tibetanos de alto perfil en exiliarse y el primero en establecerse en los Estados Unidos.

Pema Chödrön is an American Tibetan Buddhist.

She is an ordained nun, acharya and disciple of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche.

Pema currently teaches in the United States and Canada and plans for an increased amount of time in solitary retreat under the guidance of Venerable Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche.

Pema is interested in helping establish the monastic tradition in the West, as well in continuing her work with Buddhists of all traditions, sharing ideas and teachings.

She has written several books: “The Wisdom of No Escape”, “Start Where You Are”, “When Things Fall Apart”, “The Places that Scare You”, “No Time to Lose” and “Practicing Peace in Times of War”, and most recently, “Smile at Fear”.

Namgyal Rinpoche

, Karma Tenzin Dorje (1931–2003), born Leslie George Dawson in Toronto, Canada, was a Tibetan Buddhist lama in the Karma Kagyu tradition.

Akong Rinpoche

Chöje Akong Tulku Rinpoche fue un tulku en la escuela Kagyu del budismo tibetano y fundador del Monasterio Samye Ling en Escocia.

Chime Tulku

Rinpoche es un Tulku budista. Rinpoche nació en 1991 en la familia de Jamyang Khechog, un funcionario del monasterio Surmang Namgyal Tse.

Yumo Mikyo Dorje

Yumo Mikyö Dorjé was a student of the Kashmiri scholar Somanātha and an 11th-century Kalachakra master.

Yumo Mikyö Dorjé is regarded as one of the earliest Tibetan articulators of a shentong view of śūnyatā — an understanding of the absolute radiant nature of reality.

Emphasized within the Kalachakra tantra and Gautama Buddha’s teachings on Buddha-nature in the so-called Third Turning of the Wheel of the Dharma of the Yogacara school of Buddhism philosophy; this view later became emblematic of the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche

fue un lama tibetano y el Jefe Supremo de la Escuela Nyingma del Budismo Tibetano. Recibió las enseñanzas más elevadas de Dzogchen de Polu Khenpo Dorje, un discípulo directo de Khenpo Ngakchung. «Kyabje Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche, titular del trono del monasterio Dorje Drak, aceptó el cargo de Jefe Supremo de la línea Nyingmapa, la «Tradición de la Vieja Traducción» en el Budismo Tibetano. Siguió a Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche, Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Kyabje Drubwang Pema Norbu Rinpoche, Kyabje Mindroling Trichen Rinpoche, y finalmente a Kyabje Trulshik Rinpoche, quien falleció a finales del año pasado.

Rinchen Zangpo

Lochen (958–1055), también conocido como Mahaguru, fue un principal lotsawa o traductor de textos budistas en sánscrito al tibetano durante la segunda difusión del budismo en el Tíbet. Fue estudiante del famoso maestro indio, Atisha. Sus asociados incluían a (Locheng) Legpai Sherab. El discípulo de Zangpo, Guge Kyithangpa Yeshepal, escribió la biografía de Zangpo. Se dice que construyó más de cien monasterios en el Tíbet occidental, incluyendo el famoso Monasterio de Tabo en Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, y Poo en Kinnaur.

Bokar Tulku Rinpoche

was heart-son of the Second Kalu Rinpoche and a holder of the Karma Kagyü and Shangpa Kagyü lineages.

Thubten Chodron

, nacida Cheryl Greene, es una monja budista tibetana estadounidense, autora, maestra y fundadora y abadesa de Sravasti Abbey, el único monasterio de formación budista tibetana para monjas y monjes occidentales en los Estados Unidos. Chodron es una figura central en la reinstauración de la ordenación de Bhikshuni para mujeres. Es estudiante del 14º Dalai Lama, Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche, Lama Thubten Yeshe, Thubten Zopa Rinpoche y otros maestros tibetanos. Ha publicado muchos libros sobre filosofía budista y meditación, y es la única monja que ha coescrito un libro con el Dalai Lama: Budismo: Un Maestro, Muchas Tradiciones.

Second Beru Khyentse

The (1947–), born Thupten Sherap is a lineage holder of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and the third reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820–1892).

Kyabje Rinpoche

Kyabje Khensur Kangurwa Lobsang Thubten Rinpoche, was a Buddhist monk, Abbot of Sera Jey Monastery, and the founder of Tibetan Buddhist Institute (Adelaide). Khensur means «former abbot» and Rinpoche means «precious teacher».

Ratnākaraśānti was one of the eighty-four Buddhist Mahāsiddhas and the chief debate-master at the monastic university of Vikramashila. At Vikramashila he was instructed by Nāropa, and taught both Atiśa and Maitrīpa. His texts include several influential commentaries to Buddhist tantras, as well as works of philosophy and logic.

Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme

was a clergyman of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism and the 7th Changkya Khutukhtu. He was the highest person of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia and the fourth highest lamas of Tibetan Buddhism in general. He supported the Kuomintang and accompanied the Republic of China Government to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949. He was awarded titles by the Kuomintang and also received living expenses until his death.

Tatsag

La línea o Tatsak es una línea de reencarnación del budismo tibetano cuyo primer miembro fue Baso Chokyi Gyaltsen (1402–73). Desde 1794, los Tatsag son los propietarios del Monasterio Kundeling en Lhasa. Ha habido cierta controversia sobre el representante de la línea en los últimos años.

Herbert Vighnāntaka Günther was a German Buddhist philosopher and Professor and Head of the Department of Far Eastern Studies at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. He held this position from the time he left India in 1964.

Alexander Berzin (scholar)

Alexander Berzin is a scholar, translator, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism.

Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan

was a Bengali scholar of Sanskrit and Pali Language and principal of Sanskrit College.

Tenzin Palmo

Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo is a bhikṣuṇī in the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

She is an author, teacher and founder of the Dongyu Gatsal Ling Nunnery in Himachal Pradesh, India.

She is best known for being one of the very few Western yoginis trained in the East, having spent twelve years living in a remote cave in the Himalayas, three of those years in strict meditation retreat.

On 16 February 2008, Tenzin Palmo received the title of Jetsunma (reverend lady) in recognition of her spiritual achievements as a nun and her efforts in promoting the status of female practitioners in Tibetan Buddhism by the head of the Drukpa Lineage, the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa,.

Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche

The ’ is a Tibetan Buddhist teacher, a holder of the religious lineage of Terchen Barway Dorje. Rinpoche is the founder of a Tibetan Buddhist center, Kunzang Palchen Ling, and the Raktrul Foundation, in Red Hook, New York.

Chandragomin

was an Indian Buddhist lay scholar who the Tibetan tradition believes challenged Chandrakirti. According to the Nepalese tradition, Chandragomin’s student was Ratnakirti. It is unclear when Chandragomin lived, with estimates ranging between 5th to 7th-century CE.

Ayu Khandro

Ayu Khandro, also known as Dorje Paldrön, lived from 1839 to 1953. She was a practitioner, yogini, and terton of Tibetan Buddhism in Eastern Tibet. An accomplished Dzogchen meditator, she is renowned for her extensive pilgrimages throughout Tibet, long periods of dark retreat practice, the gongter of the practice of the yidam Senge Dongma, various forms of Chöd, and her lifelong dedication to spiritual practice.

John Crook (ethologist)

John Hurrell Crook was a British ethologist who filled a pivotal role in British primatology.

Jinpa Sonam

Geshe Lharampa is a Tibetan Buddhist philosopher and Spiritual Director for the Indiana Buddhist Center. Sonam was born on May 25, 1955, in Zanskar valley, Ladakh, in the Republic of India. In 1967, he became a monk at the Stagrimo Gompa, a Drukpa Kagyu monastery in Ladakh near Padum. He studied at this monastery for six years before joining the Drepung Gomang Monastery, a Gelugpa monastery in Mundgod, Karnataka India as a novice monk.

Donald S. Lopez Jr.

Dr. Donald Sewell Lopez Jr. is the Arthur E. Link Distinguished University Professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies at the University of Michigan, in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures.

Patrick Gaffney (Buddhist)

Patrick John Gaffney is an English author, editor, translator, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism who studied at the University of Cambridge. He was one of the main directors and teachers of Rigpa—the international network of Buddhist centres and groups founded by . As of April 2019, Gaffney has been disqualified by the UK Charity Commission from acting as a trustee in all charities for a period of 8 years.

Reginald Ray

Reginald «Reggie» Ray is an American Buddhist academic and teacher. He is the spiritual director of the Dharma Ocean Foundation, a non-profit organization that he co-founded in 2005 «dedicated to the practice, study and preservation of the teachings of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche.» Ray, a student of Tibetan Buddhist teacher Trungpa Rinpoche, was a faculty member at Naropa University from 1974 until 2009 and teacher-in-residence at Shambhala Mountain Center from 1996–2004.

Nick Ribush

Nicholas Ribush was one of the first Westerners to be ordained as a monk in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. A founder of Wisdom Publications, Ribush is today the director of the Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive, a collection of thousands of teachings by Lama Yeshe and Lama Zopa Rinpoche, who pioneered the teaching of Tibetan Buddhism in the West.

Ken McLeod

is a senior Western translator, author, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism. He received traditional training mainly in the Shangpa Kagyu lineage through a long association with his principal teacher, Kalu Rinpoche, whom he met in 1970. McLeod resides in Los Angeles, where he founded Unfettered Mind. He has currently withdrawn from teaching, and no longer conducts classes, workshops, meditation retreats, individual practice consultations, or teacher training.

John Makransky

is an American professor of Buddhism and comparative theology at Boston College and a meditation teacher within the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. He practices the meditations of compassion and wisdom from Tibetan traditions and has introduced new ways of bringing these powerful contemplative methods into the secular world of social service and social justice by making them newly accessible to people of all backgrounds and faiths. He has also helped Western Buddhists deepen their contemplative experience of presence and loving compassion in the context of socially engaged practice

Yeshe Lobsang Tenpai Gonpo

was the 8th Tatsag, a Tibetan reincarnation lineage. From 1789 to 1790 and from 1791 until his death in 1810 he was regent of Tibet, appointed by the Qing dynasty of China. He was the first owner of the Kundeling Monastery, founded in 1794 in Lhasa.

Ünyön Künga Zangpo

Ünyön Künga Zangpo was a famous yogin of the Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism. While Künga Zangpo is a personal name that he received at the time of his monastic ordination, the moniker Ünyön («ü-nyön»), meaning «Madman from the Ü [region],» was a title he earned through his distinctive tantric asceticism.

Judith Simmer-Brown

is Distinguished Professor of Contemplative and Religious Studies at Naropa University.

She has expertise in Tibetan Buddhism, Women and Buddhism, Buddhist-Christian dialogue, Western Buddhism and Contemplative Education.

She is an Acharya — a senior Buddhist teacher — in the Shambhala Buddhist tradition and was a senior student of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche.

She serves on the Board of the Society of Buddhist-Christian Studies, and is on the steering committee of the Contemplative Studies Group of the American Academy of Religion. Previously she was a member of the Lilly Buddhist-Christian Theological Encounter.

Kelsang Wangmo

Geshe is a German-born Buddhist nun, scholar, and teacher. She is the first woman to be awarded a Geshe title, considered equivalent to a Ph.D. in Buddhist philosophy.

Thupten Phelgye

Geshe is a Tibetan Buddhist lama who is known for promoting vegetarianism and humane treatment of animals, and for his work as a peace activist. Geshe Thupten Phelgye represents the Gelug tradition in the Tibetan Parliament in Exile.

Changling Rinpoche XV

Ngawang Lekshey Gyaltso is the 15th in the lineage of Changling Rinpoches. His lineage was started by Rechung Dorje Drakpa, who lived in eleventh century Tibet.

Thubten Gyatso (Australian monk)

Thubten Gyatso is an Australian monk and was ordained by Lama Thubten Yeshe in the 1970s and was one of the first Westerners to become a monk in the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. He is a Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition veteran who has been instrumental in establishing a number of Dharma centres in France, Taiwan, Australia, and Mongolia.

Ngawang Samten

is a Tibetan educationist, Tibetologist and the vice chancellor of the Central University for Tibetan Studies. Besides editing publications such as Abhidhammathasamgaho, Pindikrita, Pancakrama and Manjusri, he is the co-translator of Je Tsongkhapa’s commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2009, for his contributions to Education.

Rinchen Chok of Ma

Ma Rinchen Chok, is numbered as one of the twenty-five principal disciples of Padmasambhava. Rinchen Chok was also a senior disciple of Vimalamitra. Rinchen Chok was an important lotsawa in the first wave of translations and was one of the first seven monks ever to be ordained in Tibet by Shantarakshita, known as the ‘seven men who were tested’. The ordination lineage was Sarvastivadin.

Jigdal Dagchen Sakya

Rinpoche was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher educated in the Sakya sect. He was educated to be the head of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism as well as the successor to the throne of Sakya, the third most important political position in Tibet in early times. Dagchen Rinpoche was in the twenty-sixth generation of the Sakya-Khön lineage descended from Khön Könchok Gyalpo and was regarded as an embodiment of Manjushri as well as the rebirth of a Sakya Lama from the Ngor sub-school, Ewam Luding Khenchen Gyase Chökyi Nyima.

Tenzin Priyadarshi

is the president and CEO of the Dalai Lama Center for Ethics and Transformative Values at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Director of the Ethics Initiative at the MIT Media Lab. He also serves as the founding president of the Prajnopaya Foundation, a worldwide humanitarian organization.

Jangsem Sherap Zangpo

Jangsem Sherab Zangpo, also known as Jangsem Sherab Sangpo, (1395-1457) was a 15th-century Tibetan Buddhist monk and teacher, and one of the six contemporary disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of one of the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Gelug school. He is crediting with establishing the famed Thikse Monastery and the remotely located Phugtal Monastery in Ladakh, in the North Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Losang Samten

is an American Tibetan scholar, sand mandala artist, former Buddhist monk, and Spiritual Director of the Tibetan Buddhist Center of Philadelphia. He is one of only an estimated 30 people, worldwide, qualified to teach the traditional art of Tibetan sandpainting. He has written two books and helped to create the first Tibetan sand mandala ever shown publicly in the West in 1988. In 2002, he was made a National Heritage Fellow by the National Endowment of the Arts. In 2004, he was granted a Pew Fellowship in Folk and Traditional Arts.

Gomchen Pema Chewang Tamang

(1918–1966) was a Tibetan buddhist scholar, teacher and a renounced practitioner.

Elio Guarisco

was an Italian writer, translator and Tibetan Buddhist scholar and Dzogchen practitioner, member of the International Dzogchen Community.

Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen

, 1894–1977, known also as Negi Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, Tenzin Gyaltsen, and various other names like Kunu Rinpoche, Kunu Lama and Negi Lama, was born in 1894 in the village of Sunam which lies in the forest-clad Kinnaur district of India in the western Himalayas. Khunu Rinpoche was neither a tulku nor a Buddhist monk but a layman who took the lay practitioner’s vows.

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