Lamas Reconocidos en el Budismo Tibetano

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Lama es un título para un maestro del Dharma en el budismo tibetano.

El término es similar al término sánscrito guru, que significa «el pesado», dotado de cualidades que el estudiante eventualmente encarnará.

La palabra tibetana «Lama» significa «principio supremo» y, menos literalmente, «madre suprema» o «padre supremo», para mostrar la estrecha relación entre el maestro y el estudiante.

A continuación, se presenta una lista de algunos Lamas bien conocidos en el budismo tibetano.

Lama

Lama es un título para un maestro del Dharma en el budismo tibetano. El nombre es similar al término sánscrito guru y en su uso es similar, pero no idéntico al rango monástico occidental de abad.

Rinpoche

Rinpoche es un honorífico utilizado en el budismo tibetano. Literalmente significa «precioso», y se utiliza para dirigirse o describir a los lamas tibetanos y otros maestros de alto rango o respetados. Este honor generalmente se otorga por defecto a los lamas reencarnados, o Tulkus. En otros casos, se gana con el tiempo y a menudo se otorga espontáneamente por los estudiantes del maestro.

Dalai Lama

El Dalai Lama es un título otorgado a los líderes espirituales del pueblo tibetano. Forman parte de la escuela Gelug o «Sombrero Amarillo» del budismo tibetano, la más nueva de las escuelas del budismo tibetano. El título de Dalai Lama fue creado por Altan Khan, el Príncipe de Shunyi, otorgado por la Dinastía Ming, en 1578. El Dalai Lama es considerado el sucesor en una línea de tulkus que se cree son encarnaciones de Avalokiteśvara, un Bodhisattva de la Compasión. El nombre es una combinación de la palabra mongólica Dalai que significa «océano» o «grande» y la palabra tibetana (bla-ma) que significa «maestro, guru».

Karma Kagyu

Karma Kagyu, o Kamtsang Kagyu, es probablemente la segunda línea más grande y sin duda la más practicada dentro de la escuela Kagyu, una de las cuatro principales escuelas del budismo tibetano. La línea tiene monasterios de larga data en Tíbet, China, Rusia, Mongolia, India, Nepal y Bután, y centros actuales en al menos 62 países. El líder espiritual del Karma Kagyu es el Gyalwa Karmapa, y el 2º al 10º Karmapas fueron los principales asesores espirituales de los sucesivos emperadores de China. A veces, se llama a los Karma Kagyu los Lamas del «Sombrero Negro», en referencia a la Corona Negra que lleva el Karmapa.

Je Tsongkhapa

Tsongkhapa, generalmente entendido como «el Hombre del Valle de Cebollas», nacido en Amdo, fue un famoso maestro del budismo tibetano cuyas actividades llevaron a la formación de la escuela Gelug del budismo tibetano. También es conocido por su nombre ordenado Losang Drakpa o simplemente como «Je Rinpoche». Además, es conocido en chino como Zongkapa Lobsang Zhaba. Fue el hijo de un líder tribal Longben tibetano que también sirvió una vez como funcionario de la Dinastía Yuan de China.

Sakya Trizin

Sakya Trizin es el título tradicional del líder de la escuela Sakya del budismo tibetano. La escuela Sakya fue fundada en 1073 d.C., cuando Khön Könchog Gyalpo, un miembro de la noble familia Khön de Tíbet, estableció un monasterio en la región de Sakya, Tíbet, que se convirtió en la sede de la orden Sakya. Desde entonces, su liderazgo ha descendido dentro de la familia Khön. El 41º Sakya Trizin, cuyo reinado abarcó más de cincuenta años, fue el Sakya Trizin con el reinado más largo. El actual Sakya Trizin es Gyana Vajra Rinpoche, conocido oficialmente como Kyabgon Gongma Trizin Rinpoche, el 43º Sakya Trizin Gyana Vajra Rinpoche.

Kelsang Gyatso

Kelsang Gyatso es un monje budista, maestro de meditación, erudito y autor. Es el fundador y exdirector espiritual de la Nueva Tradición Kadampa – Unión Budista Kadampa Internacional (NKT-IKBU), una orden budista moderna «totalmente independiente» que se presenta como una tradición basada en las enseñanzas de la tradición Gelugpa del budismo tibetano, que ha crecido hasta convertirse en una organización budista global y actualmente afirma tener 1200 centros y sucursales en 40 países alrededor del mundo.

Tsoknyi Rinpoche

Tsoknyi Rinpoche or Ngawang Tsoknyi Gyatso is a Nepalese Tibetan Buddhist teacher and author, and the founder of the Pundarika Foundation. He is the third Tsoknyi Rinpoche, having been recognized by the 16th Karmapa as the reincarnation of Drubwang Tsoknyi Rinpoche. He is a tulku of the Drukpa Kagyü and Nyingma traditions and the holder of the Ratna Lingpa and Tsoknyi lineages.

Thubten Zopa Rinpoche

Thubten Zopa Rinpoche is a Nepali lama from Khumbu, the entryway to Mount Everest.

Lama Zopa Rinpoche is a Gelugpa lineage holder, having received teachings from many of the great Gelugpa masters.

His Root Guru is HH Trijang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso since he was a young boy studying in Buxa, India.

Lama Zopa Rinpoche is a devoted student of the 14th Dalai Lama and has outlined that offering service to the Dalai Lama as much as possible and to be able to fulfill his wishes is the highest priority for the FPMT organization.

Thubten Yeshe

Thubten Yeshe (1935–1984) fue un lama tibetano que, mientras estaba exiliado en Nepal, cofundó el Monasterio Kopan (1969) y la Fundación para la Preservación de la Tradición Mahayana (1975). Siguió la tradición Gelug y fue considerado poco convencional en su estilo de enseñanza.

Thubten Jigme Norbu

Thubten Jigme Norbu, reconocido como el Taktser Rinpoche, fue un lama tibetano, escritor, activista de derechos civiles y profesor de estudios tibetanos, y es el hermano mayor del 14º Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. Fue uno de los primeros tibetanos de alto perfil en exiliarse y el primero en establecerse en los Estados Unidos.

Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche

Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche is a teacher (lama) of the Bon Tibetan religious tradition. He is founder and director of the Ligmincha Institute and several centers named Chamma Ling, organizations dedicated to the study and practice of the teachings of the Bon tradition.

Thrangu Rinpoche

Thrangu Rinpoche nació en 1933 en Kham, Tíbet. Se le considera un tulku prominente en la escuela Kagyu del budismo tibetano, la novena reencarnación en su línea particular.

Akong Rinpoche

Chöje Akong Tulku Rinpoche fue un tulku en la escuela Kagyu del budismo tibetano y fundador del Monasterio Samye Ling en Escocia.

Luipada

Luipa or Luipada was a mahasiddha siddhacharya from eastern India. He was a poet and writer of a number of Buddhist texts.

Tenzin Ösel Hita

Tenzin Ösel Hita is a Tibetan Buddhist tulku and an aspiring filmmaker from Spain.

Tenzin Jigme

Tenzin Jigme was a Tibetan tulku and the sixth Reting Rinpoche.

Tenzin Delek Rinpoche

Lithang Tulku Tenzin Delek Rinpoche or Tenzing Deleg was a Tibetan Buddhist leader from Garze, Sichuan. He was born in Lithang, Tibet. He was arrested on April 7, 2002 during a raid on Jamyang Choekhorling in Garze, Sichuan, China. He was accused of being involved in a bomb attack on April 3, 2002 on the central square of Sichuan’s provincial capital, Chengdu.

Nenang Pawo

Nenang Pawo is one of the highest lamas of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Pawos form a lineage of tulkus, of which the first was born in 1440. They were traditionally the heads of Nenang Monastery in Ü-Tsang.

Samdhong Rinpoche

Samdhong Rinpoche is a Tibetan religious title. Rinpoche means «precious one». The current Samdhong Rinpoche is Lobsang Tenzin, who is considered by Tibetan buddhists to be the reincarnation of the 4th Samdhong Rinpoche.

Orgyen Tobgyal

Orgyen Tobgyal Rinpoche, also called Tulku Ugyen Topgyal, is a Tibetan Buddhist lama who was born in Kham in Eastern Tibet in 1951, living in exile in India.

Lawapa

Lawapa or Lavapa was a figure in Tibetan Buddhism who flourished in the 10th century. He was also known as Kambala and Kambalapada. Lawapa, was a mahasiddha, or accomplished yogi, who travelled to Tsari. Lawapa was a progenitor of the Dream Yoga sādhanā and it was from Lawapa that the mahasiddha Tilopa received the Dream Yoga practice lineage.

Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme

Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme was a clergyman of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism and the 7th Changkya Khutukhtu. He was the highest person of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia and the fourth highest lamas of Tibetan Buddhism in general. He supported the Kuomintang and accompanied the Republic of China Government to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949. He was awarded titles by the Kuomintang and also received living expenses until his death.

Choseng Trungpa

Choseng Trungpa Rinpoche is the 12th and current Trungpa tülku.

He was born on February 6, 1989 in Pawo village, in Derge, eastern Tibet, and recognized by Tai Situ Rinpoche in 1991.

He was enthroned a year later at Surmang Monastery at a ceremony presided over by Domkhar Rinpoche, a high Kagyu lama and Choseng’s uncle.

The monastery’s late abbot, was Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche.

Yumo Mikyo Dorje

Yumo Mikyö Dorjé was a student of the Kashmiri scholar Somanātha and an 11th-century Kalachakra master.

Yumo Mikyö Dorjé is regarded as one of the earliest Tibetan articulators of a shentong view of śūnyatā — an understanding of the absolute radiant nature of reality.

Emphasized within the Kalachakra tantra and Gautama Buddha’s teachings on Buddha-nature in the so-called Third Turning of the Wheel of the Dharma of the Yogacara school of Buddhism philosophy; this view later became emblematic of the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen

(Thubten) Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen or Thupten Jampel Yishey Gyantsen, Tibetan: ཐུབ་བསྟན་འཇམ་དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་, Wylie: thub-bstan ‘jam-dpal ye-shes rgyal-mtshan was a Tibetan tulku and the fifth Reting Rinpoche.

Wangdrak Rinpoche

Wangdrak Rinpoche is the abbot of Gebchak Gonpa, holding responsibility for the nuns’ spiritual training and their material well-being.

Dulduityn Danzanravjaa

Dulduityn Danzanravjaa was a prominent Mongolian writer, composer, painter, Buddhist scholar, physician and was the Fifth Noyon Khutagt, the Lama of the Gobi. His name is a Mongolian adaptation of the last part of the Tibetan name Lobsang Tenzin Rabgye given to Danzan Ravjaa by the 4th Bogd Gegeen, on his visit to the Mongolian capital, Urga in 1812 where Danzanravjaa was also recognized as an Incarnate Lama. There are several versions concerning the origins and use of «Dulduityn». He was the 5th incarnation of the Gobi Noyon Hutagt, which is the title of a prominent line of tulkus of the Nyingmapa lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia and was found by the personal attendant of the 4th Noyon Hutagt in 1809. It was not possible to enthrone Danzan Ravjaa as the 5th Noyon Hutagt because of the ban from the ruling Manchu (Qing) Dynasty on recognition of this line of incarnations. Mongolia at the time was under Manchurian Qing control. He was enthroned as the Avshaa Gegeen in Ongiin Gol Monastery by Ishdonilhudev Rinpoche. He is primarily famous for his poetry, but is also known for his prophecies, and treatises on medicine, philosophy, and astrology.

Shenpen Hookham

Susan Kathryn Rowan, known as Shenpen Hookham is a Buddhist teacher who has trained for over 50 years in the Mahamudra and Dzogchen traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

Sermey Khensur Lobsang Tharchin

Sermey Khensur Lobsang Tharchin Rinpoche (1921–2004) was a scholar of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Patsab Nyima Drakpa

Patsab Nyima Drakpa (1055-1145?) was a Tibetan Buddhist scholar and translator of the Sarma era. He was a monk at Sangpu monastery and traveled to Kashmir where he translated Buddhist Madhyamika texts.

Pabongkhapa Déchen Nyingpo

Pabongkhapa Déchen Nyingpo, (1878–1941) was a Gelug lama of the modern era of Tibetan Buddhism. He attained his Geshe degree at Sera Mey Monastic University, Lhasa, and became a highly influential teacher in Tibet, unusual for teaching a great number of lay people. Pabongkha was offered the regency of the present Dalai Lama but declined the request because «he strongly disliked political affairs.»

Trungpa tülkus

The Trungpa tulku are a line of incarnate Tibetan lamas who traditionally head Surmang monastery complex in Kham, now Surmang. The three heads of the Zurmang Kagyu are known as GharTengTrungSum, and the lineage holder of the Zurmang Kagyu is Zurmang Gharwang Rinpoche. There have been twelve such Trungpa tulkus. Mahasiddha Trungmase, 1st Zurmang Gharwang Rinpoche, was the teacher of Künga Gyaltsen, 1st Trungpa Tulku.

Gyaltsab Je

Gyaltsab Je (1364–1432) o más elaboradamente, Gyaltsab Dharma Rinchen, nació en la provincia de Tsang en el Tíbet central. Fue un famoso estudiante de Je Tsongkhapa y, de hecho, se convirtió en el primer Ganden Tripa de la tradición Gelug después de la muerte de Je Tsongkhapa. También estudió con Rendawa Zhonnu Lodro.

Nyala Pema Dündul

Nyala Pema Dündul (1816–1872), also known as Terton Nyala Pema Duddul, was a teacher of Dzogchen and Tantric Buddhism in Eastern Tibet.

Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche

Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche (1955–2012) was the ninth incarnation of the Traleg tulku line, a line of high lamas in the Kagyu lineage of Vajrayana. He was a pioneer in bringing Tibetan Buddhism to Australia.

Kunkhyen Pema Karpo

Kunkhyen Pema Karpo fue el cuarto Gyalwang Drukpa, cabeza de la línea Drukpa del budismo tibetano. Fue el más famoso y erudito de todos los Gyalwang Drukpas. Durante su vida, fue conocido como el gran lama entre todos los grandes lamas, y fue maestro de muchos lamas y discípulos en todo el Tíbet.

Kwetsang Rinpoche

Kwetsang Rinpoche was a lama of Sera who participated in the search for Tenzin Gyatso four years after Thubten Gyatso died.

Mabja Jangchub Tsöndrü

Mabja Jangchub Tsöndrü was an influential 12th century Tibetan Buddhist Madhyamaka scholar. He is known for his «Ornament of Reason», an important commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā.

Taktser Rinpoche

Taktser Rinpoche nació en 1922 en «el pequeño pueblo de Taktser, que significa ‘tigre rugiente’, ubicado en la región de Amdo en el este del Tíbet.» Se convirtió en un lama de la escuela Gelugpa del budismo tibetano y fue nombrado Thubten Jigme Norbu, el hermano mayor de Tenzin Gyatso, el 14º Dalai Lama del Tíbet. Poco después de su nacimiento, fue reconocido por el 13º Dalai Lama como la reencarnación del anterior Taktser Rinpoche, quien fue «uno de los treinta o más lamas reencarnados que formaban parte de la tradición de Kumbum.» El 5 de septiembre de 2008, Norbu, de 86 años, falleció en su hogar en Indiana, EE. UU., tras haber estado enfermo durante muchos años. Le sobreviven su esposa Kunyang Norbu y sus 3 hijos.

Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen

Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen (1619–1656) was an important Gelugpa lama and a contemporary of the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682). His Seat was the upper residence of Drepung Monastery, a famous Gelug gompa located near Lhasa.

Yuthog Yontan Gonpo

Yutog Yontan Gonpo was an 8th-century high lama and a physician of Tibet.

8th Arjia Rinpoche

8th Agya Hotogtu is one of the most prominent Buddhist teachers and lamas to have left Tibet. At age two, Arjia Rinpoche was recognized by Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama as the 20th Arjia Danpei Gyaltsen, the reincarnation of Je Tsongkhapa’s father, Lumbum Ghe, the throne holder and abbot of Kumbum Monastery. He has trained with lineage teachers, such as the 14th Dalai Lama, the 10th Panchen Lama, and Gyayak Rinpoche—from whom he received many sacred teachings and ritual instructions.

Shashi Dhoj Tulachan

Shashi Dhoj Tulachan, called Guru Nawang Chhogyall Tenzin, is the spiritual leader of the Chhairo gompa, of Nyingma Tibetan Buddhism, having been given responsibility for the Gompa by the current incarnation who is not a practising lama. He is also responsible for three gompas in Tukuche, his home village on the right bank of the Kali Gandaki, and in the Annapurna trail:Sambha gompa (Karmapa/Kagyu) – instituted in 1935 Rani gompa Mahakala gompa – instituted in 1930 by four members of the Tulachan family including Shashi Dhoj’s father, Kamal Dhoj Tulachan

Ja Lama

Ja Lama was an adventurer and warlord of unknown birth and background who fought successive campaigns against the rule of the Qing dynasty in western Mongolia between 1890 and 1922. He claimed to be a Buddhist lama, though it is not clear whether he actually was one, as well as a grandson and later the reincarnation of Amursana, the Khoid-Oirat prince who led the last great Mongol uprising against the Qing in 1757. He was one of the commanders of Mongolian forces that liberated Khovd city from Qing control in 1912.

Crazy Shagdar

Crazy Shagdar was a wandering lama from the Baarin banner in Inner Mongolia. He is the hero of a number of, usually quite critical, tales, in which he mocks corrupt nobles, other lamas etc. One tale deals with how he rebuked Chinese traders on a temple fair:The annual Baarin temple fair had always attracted many traders from Inner China. Shagdar came very close to the side of the tent of one of these traders, made a fireplace from three stones, pulled a Tibetan cooking pot from his bundle, then he helped himself to the water from the traders’ clay ton and made a fire from their wood. When the eldest of the traders scolded him and called him crazy, Shagdar replied

I, Shagdar, only drank from the waters of my homeland, Made a fire with nothing but the wood from my hills. I used none of the water or wood you brought from Shandong! Squeezing out the people’s blood – That’s where you belong, bastards!

That is how he swore at them in both Mongolian and Chinese.

Dambyn Chagdarjav

Dambyn Chagdarjav was a Mongolian revolutionary and one of the “first seven” founders of the Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 1920. He was named prime minister of Mongolia’s provisional government at the first MPP Congress in March 1921 but was subsequently replaced by Dogsomyn Bodoo after just a month in office. In the spring of 1922 a power struggle led to his being accused of conspiring to overthrow the revolutionary government. He was arrested and executed along with prime minister Bodoo on August 31, 1922.

Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov

Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov was a Buryat Buddhist lama of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, best known for the lifelike state of his dead body, which is reported not to be subject to macroscopic decay.

Dogsomyn Bodoo

Dogsomyn Bodoo was a prominent early 20th century Mongolian politician who was one of the founding members of the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party. He was elected leader of the provisional revolutionary government and following the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921 became the country’s first Prime Minister from July 1921 to January 1922. A power struggle led to his resignation on January 7, 1922. He was subsequently charged with treason for conspiring to overthrow the government, and was executed on August 31, 1922.

Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup – 3rd Panchen Lama

Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup (1505–1568) was a Tibetan Buddhist religious leader. He was posthumously recognised as the third Panchen Lama.

Erdne Ombadykow

Erdne Ombadykow, also known as Telo Tulku Rinpoche, is the Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader of the Kalmyk people. He received his formal training as a bhikṣu in India and was recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama as the current reincarnation of mahasiddha Tilopa.

Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar

The Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar was a high Buddhist incarnation from northwestern Mongolia who played a prominent role in the country’s independence movement in 1911-1912. He served as Prime Minister twice; first in 1921 as part of the Bogd Khan puppet government established by Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, and again from 1922 to 1923 under the revolutionary government of the Mongolian People’s Party.

Reting Rinpoche

Reting Rinpoche was a title held by abbots of Reting Monastery, a Buddhist monastery in central Tibet.

Manzushir Khutagt Sambadondogiin Tserendorj

Sambadondogiin Tserendorj was recognized as the 6th reincarnate of the Donkor-Manjushri Gegen. He served as chief abbot of the Manjusri Monastery and later was the last acting prime minister of Outer Mongolia during Baron Ungern von Sternberg’s occupation of Ikh Khŭree from May to July 1921. Later accused of counterrevolution, he was executed in 1937 at the start of the Stalinist purges in Mongolia (1937-1939).

Ngawang Tashi Bapu

Geshe Ngawang Tashi Bapu a.k.a. Lama Tashi is a former Principal Chant Master of Drepung Loseling Monastery, one of the largest monasteries of the Dalai Lama. In 2005-06, Lama Tashi was nominated for the Grammy Award for his album «Tibetan Master Chants» in the «Best Traditional World Music». Through this achievement, he has created the record of the first Buddhist Monk for Grammy Nomination in solo performance, and the first North-East Indian to be nominated for the prestigious Grammy Award the highest honour of Music in the world. Lama Tashi has also led Long Life Puja for the 14th Dalai Lama, the HE 99th and 100th Gaden Tripa Rinpoches and many more highly revered masters. The Long Life Puja is a very popular traditional healing ceremony that involves a multiphonic chant performance to heal the listeners and increase their life span. Lama Tashi has also led the chanting performance of the Traditional Great Prayer Festival at Bodh Gaya presided over by the 14th Dalai Lama in 2002. He has served as Principal and the Director of the Central Institute of Himalayan Culture Studies, Dahung, India from 2003-2012 and 2012-2018 respectively. While at the Institute, he was teaching Buddhist Philosophy at University level students.

Ngawang Wangyal

Ngawang Wangyal, popularly known as «Geshe Wangyal,» was a Buddhist priest and scholar of Kalmyk origin who was born in the Astrakhan province in southeast Russia sometime in 1901.

Ösel Tendzin

Ösel Tendzin (1943–1990) was a western Buddhist. He was Chögyam Trungpa’s principal student. On August 22, 1976, Chögyam Trungpa empowered Ösel Tendzin as his Vajra Regent and first Western lineage holder in the Karma Kagyu and Nyingma schools of Tibetan Buddhism. On August 25, 1990, Ösel Tendzin died of HIV/AIDS in San Francisco, California. His wife, Lila Rich, and a group of his students continue to live in Ojai, California.

Panchen Sonam Dragpa

Panchen Sonam Dragpa,, (1478-1554) was the fifteenth Ganden Tripa or throneholder of Ganden Monastery. His texts form the core curriculum for the Loseling College of Drepung Monastic University, the Shartse College of the Ganden Monastic University, and several other Gelugpa monasteries. He was taught by the second Dalai Lama, and in turn later became the teacher of the third Dalai Lama.

Pani Manidhan

Pani Manidhan (1998) is a children’s novel written in Tamil by Indian author Jeyamohan. It encompasses themes like adventure story, science, fantasy, mystery and values making it an important creative work in the children’s literature canon in Tamil.

Zaya Pandita

Zaya Pandita or Namkhaijamts (1599–1662) was a Buddhist missionary priest and scholar of Oirat origin who is the most prominent Oirat Buddhist scholar.