Last updated: 28
Jul
2025

El Movimiento de la Atención Plena – Arraigado en la práctica fundamental del Buda

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La está ganando una creciente popularidad como práctica en la vida diaria, además de la de insight budista y su aplicación en la psicología clínica.

Definición del Movimiento

En este contexto, la atención plena se define como la conciencia momento a momento de pensamientos, sentimientos, sensaciones corporales y el entorno circundante, caracterizada principalmente por la «aceptación»: la atención a pensamientos y sentimientos sin juzgar si son correctos o incorrectos.

La atención plena enfoca el cerebro humano en lo que se está percibiendo en cada momento, en lugar de en su habitual rumiación sobre el pasado o el futuro.

La atención plena puede ser vista como un modo de ser y puede practicarse fuera de un entorno formal.

La Atención Plena en el Budismo Temprano

En el budismo temprano, Sati es uno de los siete factores de la iluminación.

La atención plena «correcta» o «adecuada» es el séptimo elemento del Noble Óctuple Sendero. La atención plena es un antídoto contra la ilusión y se considera un ‘poder’ que contribuye a la consecución del Nibbana.

Esta facultad se convierte en un poder en particular cuando se combina con la comprensión clara de lo que está ocurriendo. El Nirvana es un estado de ser en el que la codicia, el odio y la ilusión (Pali: moha) han sido superados y abandonados, y están ausentes de la mente.

La atención plena proporcionó el camino en el budismo temprano hacia la liberación, «observando constantemente la experiencia sensorial para prevenir el surgimiento de anhelos que impulsarían futuras experiencias hacia renacimientos.»

Según algunos académicos, la atención plena puede haber sido la práctica central original del Buda, que ayudó al mantenimiento de la atención plena.

La doctrina de la atención plena es, por lo tanto, quizás la más importante después de las Cuatro Nobles Verdades y el Noble Óctuple Sendero.

La Popularización del Movimiento

El movimiento de la atención plena ganó una amplia popularidad desde la década de 1950, y sus derivados occidentales han sido popularizados desde la década de 1970, dando lugar a un movimiento de atención plena más orientado hacia el dhyana.

La terminología utilizada por académicos de la religión, científicos, periodistas y escritores de medios populares para describir esta «popularización» del movimiento de atención plena, así como los muchos nuevos contextos de práctica de atención plena que han surgido, ha evolucionado regularmente en los últimos 20 años, con algunas críticas emergiendo.

Los últimos cambios, cuando las personas pasaron de sesiones de meditación en la vida real a aplicaciones en sus dispositivos inteligentes, se han acelerado aún más debido a la pandemia global.

Aplicaciones como Meditopia, Yours App y Relax: Master Your Destiny se están adaptando a las necesidades de sus usuarios utilizando tecnología de IA, involucrando a psicólogos profesionales y ofreciendo muchos enfoques diferentes de atención plena para servir a una audiencia más amplia.

Personas, conceptos, aplicaciones y organizaciones

Esta es una lista de personas, conceptos, aplicaciones y organizaciones relacionadas con el movimiento de la atención plena.

Atención plena

La atención plena es el proceso psicológico de llevar la atención a las experiencias que ocurren en el momento presente, lo cual se puede desarrollar a través de la práctica de la meditación y otros entrenamientos. La atención plena deriva de sati, un elemento significativo de las tradiciones budistas, y se basa en técnicas de meditación Zen, Vipassanā y tibetana.

Thích Nhất Hạnh was a Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk, peace activist, prolific author, poet, teacher, and founder of the Plum Village Tradition, historically recognized as the main inspiration for engaged Buddhism.

Known as the «father of mindfulness», Nhất Hạnh was a major influence on Western practices of Buddhism and mindfulness.

Vidyamala Burch

is a mindfulness teacher, writer, and co-founder of , an international mindfulness organization known particularly for developing (MBPM). The British Pain Society has recognized her «outstanding contribution to the alleviation of pain», and in 2019 she was named on the Shaw Trust Power 100 list of the most influential disabled people in the UK. Burch’s book Mindfulness for Health won the British Medical Association’s 2014 Medical Books Award in the Popular Medicine category.

Joseph Goldstein (writer)

Joseph Goldstein is one of the first American vipassana teachers, co-founder of the Insight Meditation Society (IMS) with Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg, a contemporary author of numerous popular books on Buddhism, a resident guiding teacher at IMS, and a leader of retreats worldwide on insight (vipassana) and lovingkindness (metta) meditation.

Breathworks Foundation

The is a registered charity in the United Kingdom that aims to broaden access to mindfulness and compassion training. It provides bursaries enabling people in financial hardship to access the programs of Breathworks CIC, develops partnerships with charities and community groups to expand the delivery of mindfulness training, and initiates research projects investigating the efficacy of Breathworks programs. It was founded by Vidyamala Burch and is advised by a group of academic experts.

Insight dialogue

is an interpersonal meditation practice that brings together meditative awareness, the wisdom teachings of the Buddha, and dialogue to support insight into the nature, causes, and release of human suffering. Six meditation instructions, or guidelines, form the core of the practice.

Mindfulness and technology

is a movement in research and design, that encourages the user to become aware of the present moment, rather than losing oneself in a technological device. This field encompasses multidisciplinary participation between design, psychology, computer science, and religion. Mindfulness stems from Buddhist meditation practices and refers to the awareness that arises through paying attention on purpose in the present moment, and in a non-judgmental mindset. In the field of Human-Computer Interaction, research is being done on Techno-spirituality — the study of how technology can facilitate feelings of awe, wonder, transcendence, and mindfulness and on Slow design, which facilitates self-reflection. The excessive use of personal devices, such as smartphones and laptops, can lead to the deterioration of mental and physical health. This area focuses on redesigning and creating technology to improve the wellbeing of its users.

The Mind & Life Institute is a US-registered, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization founded in 1991 to establish the field of contemplative sciences. Based in Charlottesville, Va., the institute “brings science and contemplative wisdom together to better understand the mind and create positive change in the world.» Over three decades, Mind & Life has played a key role in the mindfulness meditation movement by funding research projects and think tanks, and by convening conferences and dialogues with the Dalai Lama. Since 2020, Mind & Life’s grant-making, events, and digital programs have sought to nurture personal wellbeing, build more compassionate communities, and strengthen the human-earth connection.

British Association of Mindfulness-Based Approaches

The (BAMBA) is a UK-based network of mindfulness organizations and teachers, which has been described as «the lead organisation overseeing the quality of mindfulness-based training in the UK.» Founded in 2005 as the UK Network of Mindfulness-Based Teacher Training Organisations, BAMBA’s original members were the mindfulness centers at the universities of Oxford, Bangor, and Exeter, as well as Breathworks CIC and NHS Scotland. The primary purpose of the organization is to support and develop good practice and integrity in the delivery of mindfulness-based approaches in the UK. It does this principally through the maintenance and dissemination of its Good Practice Guidelines, which provide a standards framework for its member organizations, and through the maintenance of a regulated list of accredited mindfulness teachers in the UK, who have been independently verified as having trained with a BAMBA member organization and as adhering to BAMBA Good Practice Guidelines. The independently verified teachers list has been called «an international first», and BAMBA has been described as «the closest thing that currently exists to a regulatory body for mindfulness training» in the UK. As of June 2020, BAMBA had 25 member organizations.

Peace Revolution

is an online meditation platform aimed at young adults. The platform’s primary focus is on the teaching of Samatha meditation but is also involved in other activities and events related to mindfulness and peace-building. Although the platform has a secular orientation, it does draw on principles of Buddhism. Buddhist monks from Thailand are often invited to lead meditation and mindfulness activities.

Breathworks

Breathworks CIC is an international mindfulness organization founded in the United Kingdom, which offers mindfulness-based approaches to living well with pain, stress, and illness. It is known particularly for developing the approach of mindfulness-based pain management (MBPM), which shares many elements with mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) but is adapted specifically for those living with chronic pain and illness, and incorporates a distinctive emphasis on the practice of ‘loving-kindness’. Breathworks is a registered Community Interest Company (CIC) in the United Kingdom, and has nearly 500 accredited teachers working in 35 countries.

Jon Kabat-Zinn

es un profesor emérito de medicina estadounidense y el creador de la Clínica de Reducción del Estrés y del Centro de Atención Plena en Medicina, Atención Médica y Sociedad en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Massachusetts. Kabat-Zinn fue estudiante de maestros budistas zen como Philip Kapleau, Thich Nhat Hanh y Seung Sahn, y miembro fundador del Centro Zen de Cambridge. Su práctica de yoga y estudios con maestros budistas lo llevaron a integrar sus enseñanzas con hallazgos científicos. Enseña la atención plena, que dice puede ayudar a las personas a afrontar el estrés, la ansiedad, el dolor y la enfermedad. El programa de reducción del estrés creado por Kabat-Zinn, la reducción del estrés basada en la atención plena (MBSR), es ofrecido por centros médicos, hospitales y organizaciones de mantenimiento de la salud, y se describe en su libro Vivir con Plena Catástrofe.

Prison Mindfulness Institute

The is a non-profit organization founded in 1989 with the mission of supporting prisoners and prison volunteers in transformation through meditation and contemplative spirituality in prisons. The organization provides books and resources through their «Books Behind Bars» program, publishes books on prison through their Prison Dharma Press, organizes a pen pal program between prisoners and meditation volunteers, and offers an apprenticeship program for prison volunteers called «Path of Freedom». The organization supports prisoners in the study and practice of contemplative traditions as well as mindfulness awareness practices. It is an affiliate of the Buddhist Peace Fellowship as well as the Peacemaker Community USA.

Self-compassion

is extending compassion to one’s self in instances of perceived inadequacy, failure, or general suffering. Kristin Neff has defined self-compassion as being composed of three main elements – self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.Self-kindness: Self-compassion entails being warm towards oneself when encountering pain and personal shortcomings, rather than ignoring them or hurting oneself with self-criticism. Common humanity: Self-compassion also involves recognizing that suffering and personal failure is part of the shared human experience rather than isolating. Mindfulness: Self-compassion requires taking a balanced approach to one’s negative emotions so that feelings are neither suppressed nor exaggerated. Negative thoughts and emotions are observed with openness, so that they are held in mindful awareness. Mindfulness is a non-judgmental, receptive mind state in which individuals observe their thoughts and feelings as they are, without trying to suppress or deny them. Conversely, mindfulness requires that one not be «over-identified» with mental or emotional phenomena, so that one suffers aversive reactions. This latter type of response involves narrowly focusing and ruminating on one’s negative emotions.

Mindfulness-based pain management

Mindfulness-based pain management (MBPM) is a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) providing specific applications for people living with chronic pain and illness. Adapting the core concepts and practices of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), MBPM includes a distinctive emphasis on the practice of ‘loving-kindness’, and has been seen as sensitive to concerns about removing mindfulness teaching from its original ethical framework. It was developed by Vidyamala Burch and is delivered through the programs of Breathworks. It has been subject to a range of clinical studies demonstrating its effectiveness.

Full Catastrophe Living

: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness is a book by Jon Kabat-Zinn, first published in 1990, which describes the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program developed at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center’s Stress Reduction Clinic. In addition to describing the content and background of MBSR, Kabat-Zinn describes scientific research showing the medical benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), and lays out an approach to mind-body medicine emphasizing the depth of the interconnections between physical and mental health. The book has been called «one of the great classics of mind/body medicine», and has been seen as a landmark in the development of the secular mindfulness movement in the United States and internationally.

Daniel Goleman

is an author, psychologist and science journalist. For twelve years, he wrote for The New York Times, reporting on the brain and behavioral sciences. His 1995 book Emotional Intelligence was on The New York Times Best Seller list for a year and a half, a best-seller in many countries, and is in print worldwide in 40 languages. Apart from his books on emotional intelligence, Goleman has written books on topics including self-deception, creativity, transparency, meditation, social and emotional learning, ecoliteracy and the ecological crisis, and the Dalai Lama’s vision for the future.

Choiceless awareness

is posited in philosophy, psychology, and spirituality to be the state of unpremeditated, complete awareness of the present without preference, effort, or compulsion. The term was popularized in mid-20th century by Jiddu Krishnamurti, in whose philosophy it signifies a main theme. Similar or related concepts had been previously developed in several religious or spiritual traditions; the term or others like it has also been used to describe traditional and contemporary secular and religious meditation practices. By early 21st century, choiceless awareness as a concept or term had appeared in a variety of fields, including in neuroscience, therapy, sociology, and in art. However, Krishnamurti’s approach of the subject was unique, and differs from both prior and later notions.

La autoaceptación es la aceptación de uno mismo y se puede definir como la conciencia de las propias fortalezas y debilidades. También se refiere a la evaluación realista (aunque subjetiva) de los talentos, capacidades y valor general de uno, o a los sentimientos de satisfacción con uno mismo a pesar de las deficiencias y sin importar los comportamientos y elecciones pasadas.

Sigmar Berg

is an American entrepreneur, artist, photographer, and fashion designer best known for the Lovetuner, a mindfulness meditation tool that supposedly claims to bring personal healing to the user via the 528 hz frequency, also known as the love frequency. Berg is also the founder of +Beryll, a luxury accessory company that specializes in designer sunglasses and other lifestyle accessories.

Susan Kaiser Greenland

(born October 1, 1956) is an American author and teacher of mindfulness and meditation, practicing a state of present-moment awareness to develop overall attentiveness and social/emotional skills. Susan played a foundational role in making mindfulness practices developmentally appropriate for young people, and with her first book The Mindful Child she helped pioneer activity-based mindfulness. This technique is now practiced in American schools throughout the country to help children learn how to reduce and alleviate their stress levels.

Tamara Levitt

is a Canadian author, mindfulness instructor, and voice-over artist most widely known as the narrator for the Calm app.

Occupational therapy in the management of seasonal affective disorder

Occupational therapy is used to manage the issues caused by seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Occupational therapists assist with the management of SAD through the incorporation of a variety of healthcare disciplines into therapeutic practice. Potential patients with SAD are assessed, treated and evaluated primarily using treatments such as drug therapies, light therapies, and psychological therapies. Therapists are often involved in designing an individualised treatment plan that most effectively meets the client’s goals and needs around their responsiveness to a variety of treatments.

Martin Stepek

is a Scottish mindfulness teacher and campaigner, poet and author.

Nonviolent Communication

(NVC) is an approach to communication based on principles of nonviolence. It is not a technique to end disagreements, but rather a method designed to increase empathy and improve the quality of life of those who utilize the method and the people around them. Nonviolent Communication evolved from concepts used in person-centered therapy, and was developed by clinical psychologist Marshall Rosenberg beginning in the 1960s and 1970s. There is a large ecosystem of workshops and clinical and self-help materials about NVC. Rosenberg’s book Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life, popular as a self-help book and psychotherapy textbook, is considered the authoritative text about the concept. Marshall Rosenberg also teaches NVC in a number of video lectures available online; the workshop recorded in San Francisco is the most well-known.

Mindfulness Day

is an emerging annual event, celebrated on September 12, on which day a variety of workshops and meditation groups are held with the intent to raise awareness to the general public about the profound value and benefit of mindfulness. In 2011, Mindfulness Day was designated to be September 12 by Wisdom Publications.

Karl E. Weick

Karl Edward Weick is an American organizational theorist who introduced the concepts of «loose coupling», «mindfulness», and «sensemaking» into organizational studies. He is the Rensis Likert Distinguished University Professor at the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan.

Janice Marturano

is an author, former vice president at General Mills, and founder and executive director of the Institute for Mindful Leadership, a non-profit organization that educates business and organizational employees on strengthening the fundamentals of leadership excellence through mindfulness meditation, contemplative leadership practices and their practical applications in the workplace.

Headspace

, a subsidiary of Headspace Health, is an English-American online company, specializing in meditation. It was incorporated in May 2010 in London, England, by and Richard Pierson. It is headquartered in Santa Monica, California, with offices in San Francisco and London.

Contemplative education

is a philosophy of higher education that integrates introspection and experiential learning into academic study in order to support academic and social engagement, develop self-understanding as well as analytical and critical capacities, and cultivate skills for engaging constructively with others.

Christian de la Huerta

is an author, public figure, spiritual and LGBTQ leader.

Cheri Maples

Cheryll Ann Maples was an American police officer, peace activist and dharma instructor, ordained by Thích Nhất Hạnh in January 2008. Maples died on July 27, 2017, aged 64, from complications of injuries sustained in a bicycle crash in September 2016.

Charles Halpern

is a lawyer, activist, author, educator, and meditation practitioner. He also served as the founding dean of CUNY School of Law, and as a faculty member of various prominent law schools across the country.

Andy Puddicombe

Andy Puddicombe is a British author, public speaker and a teacher of meditation and mindfulness. He, alongside Richard Pierson, is the co-founder of Headspace, a digital health company that provides guided meditation training and mindfulness for its users.

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